• DAY1SVR: Day 1 Convective Outlook

    From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed May 28 12:42:11 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 281242
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 281240

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0740 AM CDT Wed May 28 2025

    Valid 281300Z - 291200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHERN/CENTRAL PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms capable of producing large to very large hail,
    damaging wind gusts, and a few tornadoes should occur today across
    parts of the southern/central Plains. Isolated wind damage may occur
    across portions of the Gulf Coast/Southeast.

    ...Eastern Colorado into Kansas, the Oklahoma/Texas Panhandles, and
    Western Oklahoma...
    A closed upper low over the northern Plains and Upper Midwest will
    drift slowly eastward today. A mid-level shortwave trough embedded
    on the western periphery of this low will move southeastward across
    the northern/central High Plains this afternoon and evening. Modest
    low-level moisture return should occur over parts of the
    southern/central High Plains ahead of this shortwave trough, with a
    narrow zone of weak to moderate MLCAPE forecast to develop across
    eastern CO into southwest KS and the OK/northern TX Panhandles by
    mid afternoon. Multiple thunderstorms should initiate across eastern CO/southwest NE and vicinity by 18-21Z as large-scale ascent
    attendant to the shortwave trough overspreads the developing warm
    sector. Weak low-level flow is forecast to veer to
    west-northwesterly and gradually strengthen with height through mid
    levels. Around 30-40 kt of deep-layer shear should support mainly
    supercell structures, with an initial threat for large to isolated
    very large hail. With time, a bowing complex should evolve from
    parts of western/southern KS into northwest OK and the OK/TX
    Panhandles, with a greater threat for scattered severe winds
    apparent this evening. A few tornadoes may also occur in a narrow
    zone across southwest KS and vicinity where low-level shear should
    be maximized along a warm front late this afternoon/early evening,
    especially if a semi-discrete mode can be maintained.

    ...Western North Texas into North/Central Texas...
    A remnant MCV over west TX will drift slowly eastward today towards north/central TX. While convection occurred yesterday and is still
    ongoing this morning across parts of this region, it appears likely
    that at least some destabilization will occur through this afternoon
    along/near a remnant surface front draped generally west to east
    over central TX. Most high-resolution guidance shows scattered
    thunderstorms developing by 18-20Z in close proximity to the MCV.
    Modest enhancement to the mid-level westerlies associated with this
    feature should support enough deep-layer shear for updraft
    organization and some supercell/large hail potential initially. With
    time, a small bowing cluster may develop and pose more of a severe
    wind threat through the late afternoon and evening as convection
    spreads generally east-southeastward into central TX before
    eventually weakening. A tornado or two may also occur, as low-level
    shear will be modestly enhanced the by MCV. Based on recent guidance
    trends, the Slight Risk has been expanded southeastward to include
    more of central TX.

    ...Far West Texas and Southeast New Mexico...
    This region will remain generally displaced to the west/behind
    large-scale ascent associated with an eastward-moving MCV over west
    TX, and upper troughing over the north-central states. Still,
    isolated to scattered thunderstorms may develop through peak
    afternoon heating across the higher terrain of the Davis/Guadalupe
    Mountains and vicinity. Hail/wind may occur with any of the stronger
    cores that can be sustained. Have maintained the Slight Risk for
    hail over parts of this area. But, confidence in overall severe
    thunderstorm coverage is low, as low-level upslope flow is forecast
    to be weaker compared to yesterday.

    ...Deep South Texas...
    With an unstable airmass remaining in place across deep south TX, a
    small cluster of thunderstorms near the lower TX Coast may continue
    to pose a severe/damaging wind threat for another hour or two this
    morning before moving offshore.

    ...Middle/Upper Texas Coast into the Lower Mississippi
    Valley/Southeast...
    A broad and rather unfocused zone of marginal/isolated severe
    potential remains apparent downstream of ongoing convection this
    morning across the middle TX Coast and central TX vicinity. A
    weak/convectively enhanced mid-level shortwave trough will advance northeastward from central/east TX across parts of the lower MS
    Valley through the afternoon and evening. As modest large-scale
    ascent associated with this feature overspreads a gradually
    destabilizing warm sector, a band of convection may develop across
    LA/MS with some risk for hail and damaging winds. Severe potential
    across the remainder of the Southeast along/near a stalled front is
    even less clear owing to weak large-scale forcing. Still, a
    conditional threat for strong/gusty winds may exist with any
    convection that can form through peak afternoon heating as low-level
    lapse rates slowly steepen.

    ..Gleason/Leitman.. 05/28/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed May 28 16:36:12 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 281636
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 281634

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1134 AM CDT Wed May 28 2025

    Valid 281630Z - 291200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE CENTRAL
    AND SOUTHERN PLAINS TO GULF COAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms capable of producing large to very large hail,
    damaging wind gusts, and a few tornadoes should occur today across
    parts of the southern/central Plains. Isolated wind damage may occur
    across portions of the Gulf Coast and Southeast.

    ...Eastern Colorado/Kansas to western Oklahoma/Texas Panhandles...
    A closed upper low over the northern Plains and Upper Midwest will
    drift slowly eastward today. A mid-level shortwave trough embedded
    on the western periphery of this low will move southeastward across
    the northern/central High Plains this afternoon and evening. Modest
    low-level moisture return should occur over parts of the
    southern/central High Plains ahead of this shortwave trough, with a
    narrow zone of weak to moderate MLCAPE forecast to develop across
    eastern Colorado into southwest Kansas and the Oklahoma/northern
    Texas Panhandles by mid-afternoon. Multiple thunderstorms should
    initiate across eastern Colorado/southwest Nebraska and vicinity by
    18-21Z as large-scale ascent attendant to the shortwave trough
    overspreads the developing warm sector.

    Weak low-level flow is forecast to veer to west-northwesterly and
    gradually strengthen with height through mid-levels. Around 30-40 kt
    of deep-layer shear should support mainly supercell structures, with
    an initial threat for large to isolated very large hail. With time,
    a bowing complex should evolve from parts of western/southern Kansas
    into northwest Oklahoma and the Oklahoma/Texas Panhandles, with a
    greater threat for scattered severe winds apparent this evening. A
    few tornadoes may also occur in a zone either side of the
    Colorado/Kansas border into southwest Kansas, where low-level
    shear/SRH should maximize early this evening.

    ...Western North Texas to North/Central Texas...
    A remnant MCV over west Texas will drift slowly eastward today
    towards north/central Texas. At least some destabilization will
    occur through this afternoon along/near a remnant surface front
    draped generally west to east over central Texas. Most
    high-resolution guidance shows scattered thunderstorms developing by mid-afternoon in close proximity to the MCV. Modest enhancement to
    the mid-level westerlies associated with this feature should support
    enough deep-layer shear for updraft organization and some
    supercell/large hail potential initially. With time, a small bowing
    cluster may develop and pose more of a severe wind threat through
    the late afternoon and evening as convection spreads generally east-southeastward into central Texas before eventually weakening. A
    tornado or two may also occur, as low-level shear will be modestly
    enhanced by the MCV.

    ...Far West Texas and Southeast New Mexico...
    This region will remain generally displaced to the west/behind
    large-scale ascent associated with an eastward-moving MCV over west
    Texas, and upper troughing over the north-central states. Still,
    isolated to scattered thunderstorms may develop through peak
    afternoon heating across the higher terrain of the Davis/Guadalupe
    Mountains and vicinity with large hail as the primary hazard.

    ...Upper Texas Coast to Lower Mississippi Valley/Southeast...
    A loosely organized complex of storms across east Texas and upper
    Texas coast should drift eastward, with additional
    development/intensification this afternoon preceding it to the east.
    While locally damaging winds will be possible across a broad
    regional extent, a somewhat more focused potential for wind damage
    may exist within a very moist air mass and instability gradient
    (largely influenced by storms in prior days) across southern
    portions of Louisiana and Mississippi.

    ..Guyer/Halbert.. 05/28/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed May 28 19:52:41 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 281952
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 281951

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0251 PM CDT Wed May 28 2025

    Valid 282000Z - 291200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE CENTRAL
    AND SOUTHERN PLAINS TO THE GULF COAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms capable of producing large to very large hail,
    damaging wind gusts, and a few tornadoes are expected today across
    parts of the southern/central Plains. Isolated wind damage may occur
    across portions of the Gulf Coast and Southeast.

    ...20z Update...
    Minimal changes were made to the prior outlook on the western edge
    for ongoing convection. Scattered severe storms, currently
    developing across eastern CO and northeast NM, will gradually expand
    in coverage/intensity eastward across the southern and central High
    Plains this afternoon/evening. Supercells with all hazards are
    probable ahead of MCS development and continuation of severe
    potential downstream over the southern Plains tonight.

    Across the Southeast states, sporadic damaging gusts are possible as
    several clusters of strong to severe storms continue eastward along
    a broad frontal zone. The primary focus for locally higher damaging
    gust potential remains across portions of the lower MS Valley and
    Gulf Coast regions through this evening.

    No changes were made to the risk areas over western and central TX,
    see the prior outlook for more information.

    ..Lyons.. 05/28/2025

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1134 AM CDT Wed May 28 2025/

    ...Eastern Colorado/Kansas to western Oklahoma/Texas Panhandles...
    A closed upper low over the northern Plains and Upper Midwest will
    drift slowly eastward today. A mid-level shortwave trough embedded
    on the western periphery of this low will move southeastward across
    the northern/central High Plains this afternoon and evening. Modest
    low-level moisture return should occur over parts of the
    southern/central High Plains ahead of this shortwave trough, with a
    narrow zone of weak to moderate MLCAPE forecast to develop across
    eastern Colorado into southwest Kansas and the Oklahoma/northern
    Texas Panhandles by mid-afternoon. Multiple thunderstorms should
    initiate across eastern Colorado/southwest Nebraska and vicinity by
    18-21Z as large-scale ascent attendant to the shortwave trough
    overspreads the developing warm sector.

    Weak low-level flow is forecast to veer to west-northwesterly and
    gradually strengthen with height through mid-levels. Around 30-40 kt
    of deep-layer shear should support mainly supercell structures, with
    an initial threat for large to isolated very large hail. With time,
    a bowing complex should evolve from parts of western/southern Kansas
    into northwest Oklahoma and the Oklahoma/Texas Panhandles, with a
    greater threat for scattered severe winds apparent this evening. A
    few tornadoes may also occur in a zone either side of the
    Colorado/Kansas border into southwest Kansas, where low-level
    shear/SRH should maximize early this evening.

    ...Western North Texas to North/Central Texas...
    A remnant MCV over west Texas will drift slowly eastward today
    towards north/central Texas. At least some destabilization will
    occur through this afternoon along/near a remnant surface front
    draped generally west to east over central Texas. Most
    high-resolution guidance shows scattered thunderstorms developing by mid-afternoon in close proximity to the MCV. Modest enhancement to
    the mid-level westerlies associated with this feature should support
    enough deep-layer shear for updraft organization and some
    supercell/large hail potential initially. With time, a small bowing
    cluster may develop and pose more of a severe wind threat through
    the late afternoon and evening as convection spreads generally east-southeastward into central Texas before eventually weakening. A
    tornado or two may also occur, as low-level shear will be modestly
    enhanced by the MCV.

    ...Far West Texas and Southeast New Mexico...
    This region will remain generally displaced to the west/behind
    large-scale ascent associated with an eastward-moving MCV over west
    Texas, and upper troughing over the north-central states. Still,
    isolated to scattered thunderstorms may develop through peak
    afternoon heating across the higher terrain of the Davis/Guadalupe
    Mountains and vicinity with large hail as the primary hazard.

    ...Upper Texas Coast to Lower Mississippi Valley/Southeast...
    A loosely organized complex of storms across east Texas and upper
    Texas coast should drift eastward, with additional
    development/intensification this afternoon preceding it to the east.
    While locally damaging winds will be possible across a broad
    regional extent, a somewhat more focused potential for wind damage
    may exist within a very moist air mass and instability gradient
    (largely influenced by storms in prior days) across southern
    portions of Louisiana and Mississippi.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu May 29 01:03:36 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 290102
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 290100

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0800 PM CDT Wed May 28 2025

    Valid 290100Z - 291200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR SOUTHEAST
    CO...NORTHEAST NM...TX/OK PANHANDLES...SOUTHERN KS...WESTERN/CENTRAL
    OK...AND ALSO FOR CENTRAL TX...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong to severe storms remain possible this evening across parts of
    the central and southern Plains. A more isolated severe threat may
    continue this evening across parts of the Southeast.

    ...KS/OK/TX Panhandle vicinity...
    Multiple clusters of storms are ongoing this evening from southeast CO/southwest KS into the TX/OK Panhandles. This convection is likely
    to persist through much of tonight, aided by a deepening
    mid/upper-level trough and nocturnally increasing low-level jet.
    Moderate buoyancy and sufficient deep-layer shear will continue to
    support organized convection. In the short-term, ongoing supercells
    will pose a threat for large to very large hail, isolated severe
    gusts, and possibly a tornado or two. Some upscale growth is
    possible later this evening into the overnight hours, which could
    pose at least an isolated damaging-wind threat as storms move
    southeastward into a larger portion of southern KS and
    western/central OK. See MCD 1031 and 1032 for more information.

    ...Central TX into the Trans-Pecos region...
    A couple of isolated but intense supercells have moved across
    central TX this evening. Eventual weakening is expected as MLCINH
    begins to nocturnally increase, but the ongoing cells may persist
    through dusk as the move southeastward with a threat of large to
    very large hail and localized severe gusts.

    Farther southwest, storms have struggled to develop across southwest
    TX, aside from one cell in the TX Big Bend region. Additional
    development cannot be ruled out this evening along an east-west
    oriented surface boundary draped from central TX into the
    Trans-Pecos. Any storm that can mature within the moderately
    unstable and favorably sheared environment could pose a threat of
    large hail and locally gusty winds.

    ...Southeast...
    An ongoing northward-moving band of convection from northern LA into
    southern MS/AL is expected to generally weaken with time this
    evening, but locally gusty/damaging winds could still accompany
    these storms through the evening. Locally strong storms may develop
    elsewhere across the Southeast tonight, as an approaching midlevel
    shortwave trough continues to support occasional storm development
    into early Thursday morning.

    ..Dean.. 05/29/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu May 29 06:01:23 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 290601
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 290559

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1259 AM CDT Thu May 29 2025

    Valid 291200Z - 301200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PARTS OF
    CENTRAL/WEST TX INTO EXTREME SOUTHEAST NM...AND ALSO FROM SOUTHEAST
    GA INTO SC...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Large hail, damaging winds, and possibly a tornado or two will be
    possible this afternoon and evening from the Texas-New Mexico border
    eastward into central Texas. Storms with isolated to scattered wind
    damage are possible later today across parts of the Southeast.
    Isolated hail, damaging wind, and possibly a tornado are possible
    across the Ozarks and Mid-South vicinity into this evening.

    ...Synopsis...
    A broad mid/upper-level trough covering much of the central/eastern
    CONUS is forecast to amplify through the period, as a vigorous
    shortwave moves through the base of the trough from the Ozarks
    towards the Mid-South. In advance of this shortwave, a
    lower-amplitude midlevel trough will move from the lower MS Valley
    into the Southeast and Carolinas. Later in the period, a surface low
    will gradually deepen and move from the Ozarks into TN/KY, as a
    trailing cold front moves southward across parts of the southern
    Plains and lower MS Valley.

    ...Parts of west/central TX and eastern NM...
    Strong heating is expected later today near and south of the cold
    front from parts of eastern NM into west-central TX. Relatively rich
    low-level moisture and steep midlevel lapse rates will support
    MLCAPE near/above 2500 J/kg by mid/late afternoon, with 35-45 kt of
    effective shear sufficient for organized convection. Initial
    supercell development will be possible by late afternoon near the
    front across west-central TX, with increasing storm coverage and
    clustering possible this evening. Large to very large hail and
    localized severe gusts will be possible, along with some potential
    for a tornado or two, especially in the vicinity of the surface
    boundary. Any upscale growth could result in an increasing
    severe-wind threat during the evening.

    Farther east, guidance generally depicts more isolated coverage of
    storms near the front from southern OK into north TX. However,
    moderate to strong instability and sufficient deep-layer shear will
    support a conditional risk of large hail and damaging wind with any
    sustained storms in this region as well.

    Isolated strong to severe storms will also be possible from the
    Raton Mesa vicinity southward across eastern NM, within a modestly
    unstable but favorably sheared environment. The strongest storms
    could pose a threat of isolated hail and strong to severe gusts
    during the afternoon and evening.

    ...Southeast...
    Extensive convection may be ongoing at the start of the period from
    near the Gulf coast into parts of AL, in advance of the
    mid/upper-level trough moving eastward across the region. Some
    enhancement to deep-layer flow/shear associated with the trough
    could support strong to locally severe storms during the morning.

    Downstream of the morning convection and approaching trough, diurnal
    heating of a moist airmass will result in moderate buoyancy by
    afternoon, with MLCAPE increasing to around 1500-2000 J/kg where
    stronger heating occurs. Strong to locally severe storms may either
    persist from ongoing morning convection, or initiate within the
    weakly capped environment across south GA into SC. Low-level flow
    will likely remain rather weak, but some strengthening of flow at
    700 mb and above could support one or more loosely organized
    clusters capable of isolated to scattered wind damage, and perhaps
    isolated hail. A 15% wind area/Slight Risk has been included for
    parts of GA/SC, where confidence is currently greatest in stronger pre-convective heating/destabilization and steepening of low-level
    lapse rates.

    ...Ozarks into the Mid-South...
    Some low-level moistening is expected through the day from parts of
    northern AR/southern MO into the Mid-South, in association with the
    approaching mid/upper-level shortwave trough and developing weak
    cyclone. Relatively modest heating and weak midlevel lapse rates may
    tend to limit buoyancy, but ascent attendant to the approaching
    shortwave trough may support scattered thunderstorm development
    along/ahead of the front from late afternoon into the evening.
    Increasingly favorable wind profiles could support a few stronger
    cells despite the modest instability, and at least a low probability
    threat of damaging wind, hail, and a tornado could evolve by
    evening. Greater probabilities may need to be considered for parts
    of this region, if trends support greater destabilization than
    currently expected.

    ..Dean/Thornton.. 05/29/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu May 29 12:52:20 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 291252
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 291250

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0750 AM CDT Thu May 29 2025

    Valid 291300Z - 301200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHERN PLAINS AND SOUTHEAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Large to very large hail, severe winds, and a couple of tornadoes
    will be a concern with thunderstorms this afternoon and evening from
    the Texas-New Mexico border eastward into central Texas.
    Thunderstorms producing scattered damaging winds are possible later
    today across parts of the Southeast. An isolated severe threat may
    develop this afternoon across the Ozarks and Mid-South vicinity.

    ...Southern Plains...
    Strong daytime heating is expected today near/south of a cold front
    from parts of eastern NM into west-central TX. Generally 60s surface
    dewpoints and steep mid-level lapse rates will support MLCAPE up to
    2500-3000 J/kg by mid/late afternoon, with 35-45 kt of deep-layer
    shear sufficient for organized convection, including supercells.
    Even though large-scale forcing associated with an upper trough over
    the Midwest and central Plains will remain modest with southward
    extent into the southern High Plains, robust thunderstorm
    development should initially occur by 19-22Z near the front across
    eastern NM into west-central TX, with increasing coverage and
    clustering possible this evening. Large to isolated very large hail
    (2-3+ inches in diameter) and severe gusts should be the main
    threats. There may also be some potential for a couple of tornadoes,
    especially in the vicinity of the surface boundary where low-level
    winds will be backed to east-southeasterly late this afternoon and
    early evening, modestly enhancing 0-1 km SRH.

    Farther east, most guidance depicts more isolated coverage of
    thunderstorms near the front from southern OK into north TX.
    However, moderate to strong instability and sufficient deep-layer
    shear will support a conditional risk of large hail and damaging
    wind with any sustained convection in this region. Isolated strong
    to severe thunderstorms will also be possible from the Raton Mesa
    vicinity southward across eastern NM, within a weakly unstable but
    favorably sheared environment. The strongest cores may pose a threat
    of isolated hail and severe gusts during the afternoon and early
    evening, before quickly weakening with eastward extent and the loss
    of daytime heating.

    ...Lower Mississippi Valley/Southeast...
    Thunderstorms are ongoing this morning along/near the coast across
    southern LA/MS/AL and the FL Panhandle. This activity is related to
    large-scale ascent and modest low-level warm/moist advection
    occurring ahead of a mid/upper-level trough moving eastward across
    the lower MS Valley. Some enhancement to deep-layer flow/shear
    associated with the trough could support occasional strong to
    locally severe thunderstorms this morning, but instability over land
    is generally expected to remain weak owing to poor lapse rates aloft
    and persistent cloudiness.

    Downstream of this morning convection and the mid/upper-level
    trough, diurnal heating of a moist airmass should foster the
    development of weak to moderate instability by this afternoon, with
    MLCAPE increasing to around 1500-2000 J/kg where stronger heating
    occurs. Strong to severe convection may either persist from the
    ongoing morning activity, or initiate within the weakly capped
    environment across parts of GA into SC. Low-level flow will likely
    remain rather weak, but some strengthening of westerly mid-level
    winds should support one or more loosely organized clusters capable
    of producing scattered damaging winds and perhaps isolated hail. The
    Slight Risk has been maintained for parts of GA/SC with this update,
    where confidence remains in stronger pre-convective
    heating/destabilization and steepening of low-level lapse rates.

    ...Ozarks into the Mid-South...
    Some low-level moistening is expected through the day from parts of
    northern AR/southern MO into the Mid-South, in association with a
    approaching mid/upper-level trough and developing weak surface
    cyclone. Relatively modest heating and weak lapse rates aloft may
    tend to limit buoyancy, but ascent attendant to the approaching
    shortwave trough may support scattered thunderstorm development
    along/ahead of a front from late afternoon into the evening.
    Increasingly favorable wind profiles and related deep-layer shear
    could support a few stronger cells despite the modest instability,
    with some potential for isolated damaging winds, hail, and perhaps a
    tornado. Greater severe probabilities may need to be considered for
    parts of this region, if observational trends support greater
    destabilization than currently forecast.

    ..Gleason/Leitman.. 05/29/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu May 29 16:33:26 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 291632
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 291630

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1130 AM CDT Thu May 29 2025

    Valid 291630Z - 301200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PARTS OF
    THE TEXAS SOUTH PLAINS INTO THE TEXAS BIG COUNTRY...

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS PARTS OF THE
    COASTAL PLAIN OF GEORGIA AND SOUTH CAROLINA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Large to very large hail, significant severe gusts, and a couple of
    tornadoes will be a concern with thunderstorms this afternoon and
    evening from the Texas-New Mexico border eastward into central
    Texas. Thunderstorms producing scattered damaging winds are possible
    this afternoon across parts of the Southeast.

    ...Southern Plains...
    Visible satellite imagery indicates strong heating will occur south
    of a cold front currently draped from east-central NM into the
    southern portion of the TX Panhandle/South Plains. Relatively moist
    low-level easterly flow with 60s deg F surface dewpoints and steep
    mid-level lapse rates, will support MLCAPE up to 2500-3000 J/kg by
    mid/late afternoon and 35-45 kt of deep-layer shear. Even though
    large-scale forcing associated with an upper trough over the Midwest
    and central Plains will remain modest with southward extent into the
    southern High Plains, scattered thunderstorm development is forecast
    by mid-late afternoon near the front and across southeast NM, with
    increasing coverage and clustering possible this evening. Models
    shows initially supercells capable of large to very large hail and
    perhaps some tornado risk early in the convective life cycle across
    parts of eastern NM into portions of the TX South Plains. The
    aforementioned upscale growth/clustering is expected and depicted in
    several recent CAMs, suggestive of a corridor of severe gusts
    (perhaps locally in the 70-85 mph range) mainly this evening.

    Farther east, most guidance depicts more isolated coverage of
    thunderstorms near the front from southern OK into north TX.
    However, moderate to strong instability and sufficient deep-layer
    shear will support a conditional risk of large hail and damaging
    wind with any sustained convection in this region. Isolated strong
    to severe thunderstorms will also be possible from the Raton Mesa
    vicinity southward across eastern NM, within a weakly unstable but
    favorably sheared environment. The strongest cores may pose a threat
    of isolated hail and severe gusts during the afternoon and early
    evening.

    ...Southeast...
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms this morning along the Gulf
    Coast will continue east across adjacent portions of southern AL/FL
    Panhandle into southern GA. This activity is immediately ahead of
    an eastward-migrating shortwave trough over the northern Gulf Coast.
    Extensive cloud debris and some convective overturning this morning
    will act to limit the overall severe threat across the FL
    Panhandle/southern AL. Farther east and northeast, stronger
    destabilization has occurred through midday with temperatures rising
    into the 80s/lower 90s deg F and dewpoints in the low-mid 70s.
    MLCAPE increasing to around 1500-2000 J/kg is forecast over the
    coastal plain where stronger heating has occurred already this
    morning. Strong to severe convection may either persist from the
    ongoing morning activity, or initiate within the weakly capped
    environment across parts of GA into SC. Low-level flow will likely
    remain rather weak, but some strengthening of westerly mid-level
    winds should support one or more loosely organized clusters capable
    of producing scattered damaging winds and perhaps isolated hail.

    ...Ozarks into the Mid-South...
    Some low-level moistening is expected through the day from parts of
    northern AR/southern MO into the Mid-South, in association with a
    approaching mid/upper-level trough and developing weak surface
    cyclone. Relatively modest heating and weak lapse rates aloft may
    tend to limit buoyancy, but ascent attendant to the approaching
    shortwave trough may support scattered thunderstorm development
    along/ahead of a front from late afternoon into the evening. Have
    expanded low-severe probabilities farther east into south-central KY
    and Middle TN where recent guidance shows sufficient destabilization
    may occur late tonight. The strengthening wind profiles during this
    timeframe ahead of the mid-level disturbance may support a
    conditional risk for a few supercells capable of all-severe hazards.

    ..Smith/Karstens.. 05/29/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu May 29 20:06:59 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 292006
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 292005

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0305 PM CDT Thu May 29 2025

    Valid 292000Z - 301200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE TEXAS
    SOUTH PLAINS TO THE HILL COUNTRY...

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE
    SOUTHERN PLAINS AND THE SOUTHEAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Large to very large hail, significant severe gusts, and a couple of
    tornadoes remain possible with severe with thunderstorms this
    afternoon and evening from the Texas-New Mexico border eastward into
    central Texas. Thunderstorms producing scattered damaging winds are
    possible this afternoon across parts of the Southeast.

    ...20z Update Southern Plains...
    Convective development underway across the southern High Plains of
    eastern NM and west TX is expected to continue maturing through this
    afternoon. Supercells, with an initial risk for large to very large
    hail, damaging gusts and a couple tornadoes remain likely. Upscale
    growth into one or more MCS/strong clusters is expected this evening
    as large-scale ascent overspreads the Southern Plains. Recent hi-res
    guidance and more widespread convective development over the High
    Plains suggest somewhat greater coverage/persistence of severe
    storms is possible across central TX and the Big Bend region this
    evening. Have opted to expand the Slight Risk across
    central/south-central TX, where damaging gusts and hail potential,
    associated with the expanding cluster/clusters of severe storms, may
    extend eastward this evening into the early overnight hours.

    Farther north, severe probabilities have been trimmed along the Red
    River vicinity of southwest OK and western North TX where persistent
    cloud cover along a slow-moving cold front have limited
    destabilization. Ahead of the front, weak low-level warm advection
    may support additional storms this evening. A conditional risk of
    large hail and damaging winds remains in place with any sustained
    convective clusters able to develop.

    ...Gulf Coast and Southeast...
    Persistent cloud cover and convective overturning from an ongoing
    broad cluster of embedded thunderstorms will continue to spread
    eastward along the Gulf Coast and Southeast states this afternoon.
    Sporadic damaging gusts will remain possible with the stronger
    embedded cores. However, the lack of stronger surface heating and
    convective overturning has largely negated the western edge of the
    severe risk from west-central GA, into AL and the western FL
    Panhandle. To the east, some clearing and diurnal heating has
    allowed a more focused corridor of destabilization to develop along
    the immediate coast from the Savannah River in east GA to
    southeastern NC. This larger buoyancy, overlapping with
    strengthening westerly mid-level flow, should support one or more
    loosely organized clusters capable of producing scattered damaging
    winds and perhaps isolated hail across the coastal plain and
    immediate coast into this evening. Have adjusted the Slight Risk
    area to better capture the potential for damaging gusts with
    ongoing/expected storms.

    Otherwise, see the prior discussion for additional information.

    ..Lyons.. 05/29/2025

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1130 AM CDT Thu May 29 2025/

    ...Southern Plains...
    Visible satellite imagery indicates strong heating will occur south
    of a cold front currently draped from east-central NM into the
    southern portion of the TX Panhandle/South Plains. Relatively moist
    low-level easterly flow with 60s deg F surface dewpoints and steep
    mid-level lapse rates, will support MLCAPE up to 2500-3000 J/kg by
    mid/late afternoon and 35-45 kt of deep-layer shear. Even though
    large-scale forcing associated with an upper trough over the Midwest
    and central Plains will remain modest with southward extent into the
    southern High Plains, scattered thunderstorm development is forecast
    by mid-late afternoon near the front and across southeast NM, with
    increasing coverage and clustering possible this evening. Models
    shows initially supercells capable of large to very large hail and
    perhaps some tornado risk early in the convective life cycle across
    parts of eastern NM into portions of the TX South Plains. The
    aforementioned upscale growth/clustering is expected and depicted in
    several recent CAMs, suggestive of a corridor of severe gusts
    (perhaps locally in the 70-85 mph range) mainly this evening.

    Farther east, most guidance depicts more isolated coverage of
    thunderstorms near the front from southern OK into north TX.
    However, moderate to strong instability and sufficient deep-layer
    shear will support a conditional risk of large hail and damaging
    wind with any sustained convection in this region. Isolated strong
    to severe thunderstorms will also be possible from the Raton Mesa
    vicinity southward across eastern NM, within a weakly unstable but
    favorably sheared environment. The strongest cores may pose a threat
    of isolated hail and severe gusts during the afternoon and early
    evening.

    ...Southeast...
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms this morning along the Gulf
    Coast will continue east across adjacent portions of southern AL/FL
    Panhandle into southern GA. This activity is immediately ahead of
    an eastward-migrating shortwave trough over the northern Gulf Coast.
    Extensive cloud debris and some convective overturning this morning
    will act to limit the overall severe threat across the FL
    Panhandle/southern AL. Farther east and northeast, stronger
    destabilization has occurred through midday with temperatures rising
    into the 80s/lower 90s deg F and dewpoints in the low-mid 70s.
    MLCAPE increasing to around 1500-2000 J/kg is forecast over the
    coastal plain where stronger heating has occurred already this
    morning. Strong to severe convection may either persist from the
    ongoing morning activity, or initiate within the weakly capped
    environment across parts of GA into SC. Low-level flow will likely
    remain rather weak, but some strengthening of westerly mid-level
    winds should support one or more loosely organized clusters capable
    of producing scattered damaging winds and perhaps isolated hail.

    ...Ozarks into the Mid-South...
    Some low-level moistening is expected through the day from parts of
    northern AR/southern MO into the Mid-South, in association with a
    approaching mid/upper-level trough and developing weak surface
    cyclone. Relatively modest heating and weak lapse rates aloft may
    tend to limit buoyancy, but ascent attendant to the approaching
    shortwave trough may support scattered thunderstorm development
    along/ahead of a front from late afternoon into the evening. Have
    expanded low-severe probabilities farther east into south-central KY
    and Middle TN where recent guidance shows sufficient destabilization
    may occur late tonight. The strengthening wind profiles during this
    timeframe ahead of the mid-level disturbance may support a
    conditional risk for a few supercells capable of all-severe hazards.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri May 30 01:03:22 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 300102
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 300100

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0800 PM CDT Thu May 29 2025

    Valid 300100Z - 301200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PARTS OF
    WEST-CENTRAL TX...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Large to very large hail, significant severe gusts, and a couple of
    tornadoes remain possible this evening across parts of west and
    central Texas. Strong to locally severe storms are also possible
    tonight from parts of the ArkLaTex into the Mid-South.

    ...Parts of central/west TX...
    An intense supercell is moving southward this evening across the TX
    Permian Basin, with other cells noted into parts of the TX Big
    Country, in the vicinity of a southward-moving cold front. Evolution
    of convection into later tonight across the region is somewhat
    uncertain, but if additional development can occur this evening
    along the front, then some upscale growth will be possible,
    potentially spreading a somewhat greater threat for severe gusts
    southeastward into south-central TX later tonight. In the short
    term, ongoing supercells will continue to pose a threat of very
    large hail and severe gusts (potentially greater than 75 mph). Some
    tornado threat could also develop with supercells near the surface
    boundary.

    ...AR into parts of the TN Valley...
    As a shortwave moves through the base of an amplifying
    mid/upper-level trough tonight, a gradually deepening surface low
    will move from eastern AR into southern KY. Scattered storms are
    expected to develop and move eastward in conjunction with the
    shortwave trough and surface low. Instability will likely remain
    relatively modest, but increasingly favorable wind profiles could
    support development of a couple supercells, with at least an
    isolated threat for all severe hazards.

    ...Southeast/Carolinas...
    Stronger convection has mostly become confined to near the FL East
    Coast and parts of NC. Modestly favorable deep-layer shear in
    advance of a shortwave trough moving across GA could still support redevelopment of a strong storm or two through the evening.

    ..Dean.. 05/30/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri May 30 06:04:14 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 300602
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 300600

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0100 AM CDT Fri May 30 2025

    Valid 301200Z - 311200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PARTS OF THE
    MID ATLANTIC...CAROLINAS...AND SOUTHEAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms with wind damage, large hail, and a few
    tornadoes will be possible this afternoon and evening across parts
    of the Mid Atlantic and Southeast.

    ...Mid Atlantic/Carolinas/Southeast...
    A mid/upper-level trough is forecast to amplify over the eastern
    CONUS today, as a vigorous embedded shortwave trough moves eastward
    from the lower Ohio Valley towards VA/NC. In response to this
    shortwave trough, a deepening surface cyclone will move from
    eastward from central KY into the Mid Atlantic by this evening. A
    trailing cold front will move across parts of the Southeast,
    Carolinas, and Virginia. Wind profiles across the warm sector of the
    deepening cyclone will be seasonably strong, but instability is
    expected to remain rather modest, due to weak midlevel lapse rates
    and relatively muted diurnal heating.

    Increasing large-scale ascent will support thunderstorm development
    along/ahead of the front through the day. Some severe threat could
    accompany early-day convection from the eastern KY vicinity into WV
    and western VA. The primary severe threat is expected to develop
    during the afternoon and evening, as fast-moving cells and clusters
    spread eastward from the lee of the Appalachians/Blue Ridge to the Carolinas/Mid Atlantic coast.

    While a relatively broad region could see organized storms this
    afternoon and evening, some uncertainty remains regarding the
    dominant convective mode and hazards. Wind profiles will be
    favorable for discrete supercells, especially across parts of the
    Carolinas into Virginia. Any supercells would pose a threat of
    damaging wind, hail, and potentially a few tornadoes, especially in
    closer proximity to the deepening surface low. However, some
    guidance suggests primarily a cluster or linear mode, which would
    favor more of a damaging-wind threat, though isolated hail and a
    tornado would still be possible in this scenario. Greater wind
    probabilities may eventually be needed if trends support more of a cluster/linear mode, and/or if stronger heating/destabilization ends
    up being realized.

    ...Eastern WI into northern IL/IN and Lake Michigan...
    A reinforcing mid/upper-level shortwave trough and strong northerly
    jet will move southward across parts of the Great Lakes during the
    afternoon and evening. Modest low-level moisture will limit
    buoyancy, but relatively steep midlevel lapse rates and cold
    temperatures aloft will support thunderstorm development during the
    late afternoon and evening. Localized severe gusts and hail could
    accompany the strongest storms as they move south-southeastward.

    ...Eastern NM into Far West TX...
    Low-level southeasterly flow will maintain modest low-level moisture
    across parts of NM and west TX. Moderate instability and modest
    midlevel northwesterlies could support a few strong storms capable
    of isolated hail and strong to severe gusts.

    ..Dean.. 05/30/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri May 30 12:51:48 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 301250
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 301249

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0749 AM CDT Fri May 30 2025

    Valid 301300Z - 311200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PORTIONS
    OF CENTRAL AND EASTERN NORTH CAROLINA...MUCH OF SOUTH CAROLINA...AND EAST-CENTRAL GEORGIA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered to numerous severe storms with wind damage, large hail,
    and a few tornadoes will be possible this afternoon and evening
    across parts of the Mid Atlantic and Southeast.

    ...Mid-Atlantic/Carolinas and Southeast...
    An Enhanced Risk for damaging thunderstorm winds has been introduced
    with this outlook for portions of eastern GA, much of SC and
    central/eastern NC.

    A mid/upper-level trough is forecast to amplify over the eastern
    CONUS today, as a vigorous embedded shortwave trough moves eastward
    from the lower Ohio Valley towards VA/NC. In response to this
    shortwave trough, a deepening surface cyclone will move eastward
    from central KY into the Mid Atlantic by evening. A trailing cold
    front will move across parts of the Southeast, Carolinas, and
    Virginia. Wind profiles across the warm sector of the deepening
    cyclone will be seasonably strong, but instability is expected to be
    tempered by weak midlevel lapse rates and substantial cloud cover.

    As large-scale ascent with the approaching shortwave trough develops
    across the warm sector, thunderstorms are expected to develop along
    and near the cold front and move generally east. Latest hi-res
    guidance suggests a predominantly linear mode across the Enhanced
    Risk area, where confidence regarding greater destabilization is
    highest. Damaging winds are expected to be the primary severe
    hazard, although a tornado threat will exist primarily with bowing
    segments.

    Farther north across VA/MD/DE, confidence regarding storm mode is
    lower, with some guidance suggesting the potential for
    discrete/semi-discrete supercells ahead of the front. These storms
    would have the potential for severe wind/hail, and potentially pose
    a tornado risk with stronger/more sustained storms. If confidence
    increases regarding the expected coverage of severe storms in this
    area, then higher severe probabilities may be warranted with the
    1630z Convective Outlook.

    Along the Gulf Coast from southeast TX into the western FL
    Panhandle, moderate/strong buoyancy and 25-30 kts of westerly shear
    will be present. Here, scattered clusters of strong/severe storms
    posing a risk for mainly damaging winds are expected to develop this
    afternoon.

    ...Eastern WI into northern IL/IN and Lake Michigan...
    A mid/upper-level shortwave trough and strong northerly jet will
    move southward across parts of the Great Lakes during the afternoon
    and evening. Modest low-level moisture will limit buoyancy, but
    relatively steep midlevel lapse rates and cold temperatures aloft
    will support thunderstorm development during the late afternoon and
    evening. Localized damaging gusts and hail could accompany the
    strongest storms.

    ...Eastern NM into Far West TX...
    Low-level southeasterly flow will maintain modest boundary-layer
    moisture across parts of NM and West TX. Moderate instability and 25
    kt midlevel northwest flow could support a few strong storms capable
    of isolated hail and strong to severe gusts this afternoon and
    evening.

    ..Bunting/Bentley.. 05/30/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri May 30 16:07:27 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 301607
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 301605

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1105 AM CDT Fri May 30 2025

    Valid 301630Z - 311200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PORTIONS
    OF CENTRAL AND EASTERN NORTH CAROLINA...MUCH OF SOUTH CAROLINA...AND EAST-CENTRAL GEORGIA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered to numerous severe storms are possible this afternoon and
    evening, with 55-70 mph gusts capable of wind damage extending from
    the Mid-Atlantic states into the Southeast. The potential for a few
    tornadoes exists from the Mid-Atlantic states into the Carolinas.

    ...Mid-Atlantic/Carolinas and Southeast...
    Water-vapor imagery shows a potent mid- to upper-level trough over
    the OH-TN Valleys with this feature forecast to move into the
    Mid-Atlantic states/Carolinas by late evening. In response to this
    shortwave trough, a deepening surface cyclone will move from the
    KY/WV border east-northeastward along a quasi-stationary front into
    southeast PA/NJ by evening. A trailing cold front will move across
    parts of the Southeast, Carolinas, and Virginia. Wind profiles
    across the warm sector of the deepening cyclone will be seasonably
    strong, but instability is expected to be tempered by weak midlevel
    lapse rates and substantial cloud cover.

    As large-scale ascent with the approaching shortwave trough develops
    across the warm sector, thunderstorms are expected to develop along
    and near the cold front. A mix of cells and linear bands will
    gradually evolve into broken band convective structures with time as
    storms move east. Strengthening 700-mb flow (40-50 kt) amidst
    diurnally steepened 0-2 km lapse rates will favor strong to severe
    gusts. Damaging winds (55-70 mph) are expected to be the primary
    severe hazard, although a tornado threat will exist primarily with
    bowing segments.

    Farther north, the northern extent of a destabilizing warm sector
    immediately ahead of the deepening surface low, will favor an
    increasing severe risk this afternoon. Scattered storm development
    is initially forecast near the higher terrain with additional
    cellular development expected (consistent signal in recent HRRR
    runs) in the northern VA to southeast PA corridor late this
    afternoon and especially into the evening. Given the moist low
    levels and favorably shaped hodographs in proximity to the surface
    low, have enlarged 5-percent tornado probabilities for a
    supercell-tornado risk. Some consideration for higher tornado
    probabilities was given, but confidence was too low at this time.
    Damaging gusts and large hail are also possible with the stronger
    storms.

    Along the Gulf Coast from southeast TX into the western FL
    Panhandle, moderate/strong buoyancy and 25-30 kts of westerly shear
    will be present. Here, scattered clusters of strong/severe storms
    posing a risk for mainly damaging winds are expected to develop this
    afternoon.

    ...Eastern WI into northern IL/IN and Lake Michigan...
    A mid/upper-level shortwave trough and strong northerly jet will
    move southward across parts of the Great Lakes during the afternoon
    and evening. Modest low-level moisture will limit buoyancy, but
    relatively steep midlevel lapse rates and cold temperatures aloft
    will support thunderstorm development during the late afternoon and
    evening. Localized damaging gusts and hail could accompany the
    strongest storms.

    ...Eastern NM into Far West TX...
    Low-level southeasterly flow will maintain modest boundary-layer
    moisture across parts of NM and West TX. Moderate instability and
    25-kt midlevel northwest flow could support a few strong storms
    capable of isolated hail and strong to severe gusts this afternoon
    and evening.

    ..Smith/Halbert.. 05/30/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri May 30 20:29:53 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 301951
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 301950

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0250 PM CDT Fri May 30 2025

    Valid 302000Z - 311200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PARTS OF
    NORTHEAST GEORGIA INTO THE CAROLINAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms remain possible this afternoon and evening,
    with damaging gusts extending from the Mid-Atlantic states into the
    Southeast. The potential for a few tornadoes persists from the
    Mid-Atlantic states into the Carolinas.

    ...20Z Update...
    The primary change to the Day 1 Convective Outlook was to slightly
    expand severe probabilities farther north in NJ to account for
    placement of stronger storms likely preceding the surface low track.
    The western bounds of severe probabilities were also trimmed to
    account for the passage of the surface low and surface cold front.
    Otherwise, the previous forecast (see below) remains on track.

    ..Squitieri.. 05/30/2025

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1105 AM CDT Fri May 30 2025/

    ...Mid-Atlantic/Carolinas and Southeast...
    Water-vapor imagery shows a potent mid- to upper-level trough over
    the OH-TN Valleys with this feature forecast to move into the
    Mid-Atlantic states/Carolinas by late evening. In response to this
    shortwave trough, a deepening surface cyclone will move from the
    KY/WV border east-northeastward along a quasi-stationary front into
    southeast PA/NJ by evening. A trailing cold front will move across
    parts of the Southeast, Carolinas, and Virginia. Wind profiles
    across the warm sector of the deepening cyclone will be seasonably
    strong, but instability is expected to be tempered by weak midlevel
    lapse rates and substantial cloud cover.

    As large-scale ascent with the approaching shortwave trough develops
    across the warm sector, thunderstorms are expected to develop along
    and near the cold front. A mix of cells and linear bands will
    gradually evolve into broken band convective structures with time as
    storms move east. Strengthening 700-mb flow (40-50 kt) amidst
    diurnally steepened 0-2 km lapse rates will favor strong to severe
    gusts. Damaging winds (55-70 mph) are expected to be the primary
    severe hazard, although a tornado threat will exist primarily with
    bowing segments.

    Farther north, the northern extent of a destabilizing warm sector
    immediately ahead of the deepening surface low, will favor an
    increasing severe risk this afternoon. Scattered storm development
    is initially forecast near the higher terrain with additional
    cellular development expected (consistent signal in recent HRRR
    runs) in the northern VA to southeast PA corridor late this
    afternoon and especially into the evening. Given the moist low
    levels and favorably shaped hodographs in proximity to the surface
    low, have enlarged 5-percent tornado probabilities for a
    supercell-tornado risk. Some consideration for higher tornado
    probabilities was given, but confidence was too low at this time.
    Damaging gusts and large hail are also possible with the stronger
    storms.

    Along the Gulf Coast from southeast TX into the western FL
    Panhandle, moderate/strong buoyancy and 25-30 kts of westerly shear
    will be present. Here, scattered clusters of strong/severe storms
    posing a risk for mainly damaging winds are expected to develop this
    afternoon.

    ...Eastern WI into northern IL/IN and Lake Michigan...
    A mid/upper-level shortwave trough and strong northerly jet will
    move southward across parts of the Great Lakes during the afternoon
    and evening. Modest low-level moisture will limit buoyancy, but
    relatively steep midlevel lapse rates and cold temperatures aloft
    will support thunderstorm development during the late afternoon and
    evening. Localized damaging gusts and hail could accompany the
    strongest storms.

    ...Eastern NM into Far West TX...
    Low-level southeasterly flow will maintain modest boundary-layer
    moisture across parts of NM and West TX. Moderate instability and
    25-kt midlevel northwest flow could support a few strong storms
    capable of isolated hail and strong to severe gusts this afternoon
    and evening.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat May 31 01:03:42 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 310102
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 310100

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0800 PM CDT Fri May 30 2025

    Valid 310100Z - 311200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PARTS OF THE
    MID ATLANTIC...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms remain possible this evening across the Mid
    Atlantic, with a threat of wind damage and a couple of tornadoes.

    ...Mid Atlantic into southern New England...
    A vigorous mid/upper-level shortwave trough is moving across the
    Allegheny Plateau region this evening. A strengthening surface
    cyclone will move eastward toward eastern PA and NJ this evening,
    and approach southern New England by the end of the forecast period.
    A cluster of storms with embedded supercell structures will
    accompany the deepening cyclone this evening. Hodographs remain
    relatively enlarged, with 0-1 km SRH of 100-150 m2/s2, and
    occasional low-level rotation may continue through the evening. Some
    tornado and wind-damage threat will spread east-northeast in
    conjunction with these storms into parts of southeast PA, DE, and
    NJ, before diminishing surface-based instability results in an
    eventual weakening trend later tonight.

    A couple strong storms cannot be ruled out overnight into southern
    New England. However, the severe threat appears increasingly limited
    with northeastward extent, due to a lack of surface-based
    instability, and only modest elevated buoyancy.

    ...Southeast WI into northern IL/northwest IN...
    Storms moving southward across eastern WI earlier produced
    marginally severe hail, and some localized threat for hail and
    strong gusts may spread southward into northeast IL/northwest IN
    this evening, in conjunction with a southward-moving midlevel
    shortwave trough. This activity should generally weaken later
    tonight as it encounters weaker instability.

    ...Carolinas into the Southeast and Florida...
    In the wake of earlier storms, weak convection is ongoing this
    evening across parts of the Carolinas, near a southeast-moving cold
    front. Substantial redevelopment appears unlikely due to the
    stabilizing influence of earlier convection, but strong low-level
    flow could support gusty winds with this weaker convection before it
    dissipates or moves offshore.

    Farther south/west, isolated strong storms remain possible this
    evening near the immediate Gulf coast near the front. With time,
    convection will spread into parts of the northern/central FL
    Peninsula, with sufficient deep-layer shear to support modest storm organization and an isolated severe threat.

    ..Dean.. 05/31/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat May 31 06:01:00 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 310600
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 310559

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1259 AM CDT Sat May 31 2025

    Valid 311200Z - 011200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM SOUTHERN KS
    INTO OK...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Large hail and severe outflow gusts will be possible this afternoon
    into tonight from southern Kansas across central Oklahoma to the Red
    River.

    ...Central/southern Plains...
    A compact mid/upper-level shortwave trough will dig
    south-southeastward from the Dakotas towards the ArkLaTex region
    through the forecast period. In conjunction with this system, a weak
    cold front will move southward from KS into OK, with one or more
    weak surface waves developing along the front through the day.
    Modest low-level moisture transport combined with evapotranspiration
    will aid in dewpoints rising to near/above 60 F in advance of the
    front, resulting in moderate diurnal destabilization. Isolated storm development will be possible near the front across southern
    KS/northern OK by late afternoon, with some increase in storm
    coverage possible into the evening across OK.

    Favorable deep-layer shear and long hodographs will support
    supercells capable of large hail and localized severe gusts with
    initial development. Low-level flow/shear will not be particularly
    strong, but a tornado cannot be ruled out with any
    stronger/sustained supercell. Some clustering will be possible with
    time, which could spread some severe threat into parts of north TX
    later tonight.

    ...Eastern KY/TN into the Mid Atlantic...
    A deep mid/upper-level trough will remain in place across much of
    the eastern CONUS today. A mid/upper-level speed maximum will move
    through the base of the trough across NC/VA during the afternoon and
    early evening. Despite limited low-level moisture, cold temperatures
    aloft will support sufficient buoyancy for widely scattered storm
    development. Isolated hail and damaging gusts will be possible with
    the strongest storms. Any clustering of storms could result in more concentrated areas of wind-damage potential, but confidence is
    currently too low to include greater severe probabilities.

    ...Central/south FL...
    Convection will likely be ongoing across the central FL Peninsula at
    the start of the period. This convection will spread southward
    through the day, with sufficient deep-layer shear to support modest
    storm organization and some potential for gusty/damaging winds, and
    perhaps small to near-severe hail. Most guidance suggests
    redevelopment of deep convection across the peninsula later tonight,
    with sufficient deep-layer shear remaining in place for a few
    stronger storms.

    ...CO/NM...
    Similar to Friday, a couple strong storms could develop from south-central/southeast CO into northeast NM, within a modestly
    moist and unstable environment. While confidence in more than a very
    isolated severe threat is low at this time, severe probabilities may
    need to be considered if trends support greater coverage of severe
    potential into the late afternoon and evening.

    ..Dean/Wendt.. 05/31/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat May 31 12:53:02 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 311252
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 311251

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0751 AM CDT Sat May 31 2025

    Valid 311300Z - 011200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    SOUTHERN KANSAS...MUCH OF OKLAHOMA...AND EXTREME NORTH-CENTRAL TX...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Large hail and severe outflow gusts will be possible this afternoon
    into tonight from southern Kansas across central Oklahoma to the Red
    River.

    ...Central/southern Plains...
    A pronounced mid/upper-level trough over the northern Plains will
    move south/southeast across the central and southern Plains through
    tonight, as an associated cold front drops south through KS and OK.
    Modest low-level moisture transport, combined with
    evapotranspiration, will result in low 60s dew points and moderate
    MLCAPE (1500-2000 J/kg) in advance of the front. Favorable
    deep-layer shear and long hodographs will support supercells capable
    of large hail and localized severe gusts with initial development.
    Low-level flow/shear will not be particularly strong, but a tornado
    cannot be ruled out with any stronger/sustained supercell. Storms
    may tend to evolve into a cluster/compact MCS with time, and
    possibly move into parts of north TX later tonight.

    ...Eastern KY/TN into the Mid Atlantic...
    An expansive mid/upper-level trough will remain in place across much
    of the eastern CONUS today. A mid/upper-level speed maximum will
    move through the base of the trough across NC/VA during the
    afternoon and early evening. Despite limited low-level moisture,
    cold temperatures aloft will support generally weak but sufficient
    buoyancy for widely scattered storm development with a
    southeast-moving cold front. Isolated hail and damaging gusts will
    be possible with the strongest storms. Any clustering of storms
    could result in more concentrated areas of wind-damage potential.
    Some potential exists for greater concentration of strong/severe
    storms from eastern VA across the DelMarVa peninsula and into
    southern NJ this afternoon as the cold front encounters somewhat
    greater instability. Higher severe probabilities may be warranted
    with the next outlook update if confidence in this scenario
    increases.

    ...Central/south FL...
    Ongoing morning storms, occasionally strong to marginally severe,
    continue across the central FL peninsula at 13z. These storms will
    continue moving south today, where deep-layer shear will remain
    sufficient to support modest storm organization and some continued
    potential for gusty/damaging winds and perhaps small hail. Most
    guidance continues to suggest redevelopment of thunderstorms across
    the peninsula later tonight, with sufficient deep-layer shear
    remaining in place for a few stronger storms.

    ...CO/NM...
    Isolated stronger storms may develop from south-central/southeast CO
    into northeast NM, within a modestly moist and unstable environment.
    While confidence in more than a very isolated severe threat remains
    low with this outlook, severe probabilities may need to be
    considered if trends support greater coverage of severe potential
    into the late afternoon and evening.

    ..Bunting/Bentley.. 05/31/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat May 31 16:01:03 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 311600
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 311559

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1059 AM CDT Sat May 31 2025

    Valid 311630Z - 011200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS AFTERNOON
    OVER PARTS OF THE MID-ATLANTIC COASTAL REGION...AND TONIGHT OVER
    PARTS OF KANSAS/OKLAHOMA....

    ...SUMMARY...
    Large hail and severe outflow gusts will be possible late this
    afternoon into tonight from southern Kansas across central Oklahoma
    to the Red River. A few severe storms are also possible this
    afternoon over parts of the Mid-Atlantic coastal region.

    ...KS/OK...
    Morning satellite imagery shows a well-defined shortwave trough
    digging southward across the Dakotas. This feature will approach KS
    by late afternoon, and track into the southern Plains overnight.
    Strong heating and steep lapse rates ahead of the trough, combined
    with increasing large scale ascent, will result in scattered
    thunderstorms over eastern NE/northern KS with a risk of hail and
    gusty winds. As this activity moves southward into a progressively
    more moist/unstable air mass, thunderstorm intensification is
    expected - mainly after dark. Storms will continue southward across
    southern KS into OK, with a few supercells expected capable of large
    hail and damaging winds. Storms may persist into the overnight
    hours across southern OK/north TX.

    ...DelMarVa...
    A broad upper trough is present today over the northeast states,
    with a compact shortwave trough over southwest PA approaching the
    DelMarVa region. This system will promote afternoon convective
    development from southeast PA into eastern VA, with storms spreading
    across eastern MD/DE/southern NJ before tracking offshore. Cool
    temperatures aloft and sufficient westerly mid-level winds suggest
    the potential for thunderstorm organization and a few severe storms
    capable of damaging winds and hail. Refer to MCD #1054 for further
    details.

    ...South FL...
    A sagging cold front will continue to result in a few strong
    thunderstorms across south FL this afternoon, capable of locally
    gusty winds. Refer to MCD #1053 for further details.

    ..Hart/Barnes.. 05/31/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat May 31 20:00:05 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 312000
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 311958

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0258 PM CDT Sat May 31 2025

    Valid 312000Z - 011200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PORTIONS OF
    SOUTHERN KANSAS INTO OKLAHOMA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Large hail and severe outflow gusts remain possible late this
    afternoon into tonight from southern Kansas across central Oklahoma
    to the Red River. Isolated strong to severe storms may still occur
    this afternoon over parts of the Mid-Atlantic coastal region.

    ...20Z Update...
    The main changes made to the updated Day 1 Convective Outlook were
    to remove Slight Risk probabilities across the Mid Atlantic, and
    remove Marginal Risk probabilities across the southern FL Peninsula.
    Over the Mid-Atlantic, a loosely organized MCS has moved offshore,
    leaving an overturned airmass in its wake. Though thunderstorms
    remain possible in this area, buoyancy should be diluted enough to
    reduce the severe threat to some degree. Similarly, the passage of
    strong thunderstorms, along with residual cloud cover, will also
    limit additional thunderstorm development across the FL Peninsula,
    though a couple of lightning flashes cannot be ruled out.

    Otherwise, the previous forecast (see below) remains on track.

    ..Squitieri.. 05/31/2025

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1059 AM CDT Sat May 31 2025/

    ...KS/OK...
    Morning satellite imagery shows a well-defined shortwave trough
    digging southward across the Dakotas. This feature will approach KS
    by late afternoon, and track into the southern Plains overnight.
    Strong heating and steep lapse rates ahead of the trough, combined
    with increasing large scale ascent, will result in scattered
    thunderstorms over eastern NE/northern KS with a risk of hail and
    gusty winds. As this activity moves southward into a progressively
    more moist/unstable air mass, thunderstorm intensification is
    expected - mainly after dark. Storms will continue southward across
    southern KS into OK, with a few supercells expected capable of large
    hail and damaging winds. Storms may persist into the overnight
    hours across southern OK/north TX.

    ...DelMarVa...
    A broad upper trough is present today over the northeast states,
    with a compact shortwave trough over southwest PA approaching the
    DelMarVa region. This system will promote afternoon convective
    development from southeast PA into eastern VA, with storms spreading
    across eastern MD/DE/southern NJ before tracking offshore. Cool
    temperatures aloft and sufficient westerly mid-level winds suggest
    the potential for thunderstorm organization and a few severe storms
    capable of damaging winds and hail. Refer to MCD #1054 for further
    details.

    ...South FL...
    A sagging cold front will continue to result in a few strong
    thunderstorms across south FL this afternoon, capable of locally
    gusty winds. Refer to MCD #1053 for further details.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jun 1 01:01:05 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 010101
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 010059

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0759 PM CDT Sat May 31 2025

    Valid 010100Z - 011200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PARTS OF
    SOUTHERN KS INTO OK AND EXTREME NORTH-CENTRAL TX...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Large hail and severe gusts remain possible tonight from southern
    Kansas across Oklahoma to the Red River.

    ...Central/southern Plains...
    Storms have been slow to develop along a weak surface boundary
    across southern KS. However, storm coverage is expected to increase
    with time later this evening as a vigorous mid/upper-level shortwave
    trough digs south-southeastward from Nebraska. Increasing deep-layer flow/shear, cooling temperatures aloft, and moderate buoyancy will
    support scattered strong to potentially severe storms, with a threat
    of large hail and localized severe gusts. Elevated storms may tend
    to redevelop during the overnight hours, and it remains possible
    that one or more clusters will evolve and move south-southeastward
    toward the Red River before the end of the forecast period.

    Farther north, a few strong storms may persist through the evening
    from southeast NE into eastern KS and western MO. Effective shear is
    weaker in this region compared to areas to the southwest, but
    relatively cool temperatures aloft could support isolated hail with
    the strongest storms.

    ...VA/NC...
    A general weakening trend is expected to continue with ongoing
    convection across parts of VA/NC, with the onset of nocturnal cooling/stabilization. However, weak buoyancy and moderate
    deep-layer flow could support gusty winds and small hail with the
    strongest remaining convection this evening.

    ...South FL overnight...
    Most guidance suggests thunderstorm redevelopment in the vicinity of
    the southwest FL Peninsula prior to the end of the forecast period,
    as a low-amplitude mid/upper-level shortwave trough and related
    jetlet approach the region from the northeast Gulf. Moderate
    buoyancy and modestly favorable deep-layer shear will support
    potential for a few strong storms, though any organized severe
    threat may not evolve until near/after 12Z.

    ..Dean.. 06/01/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jun 1 06:01:07 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 010601
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 010559

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1259 AM CDT Sun Jun 01 2025

    Valid 011200Z - 021200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PARTS OF
    CENTRAL AND EAST TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered large hail and isolated damaging winds are possible later
    today into this evening across central and east Texas. More isolated
    severe thunderstorms are possible across parts of the mid-Tennessee
    River Valley into the Carolinas, central and southern High Plains,
    northern Rockies, and south Florida.

    ...Central/eastern TX...
    In advance of a southeastward-moving mid/upper-level shortwave
    trough, elevated storms will likely be ongoing somewhere across
    north-central TX at the start of the period, which could pose a
    threat of isolated hail and strong/damaging gusts. Guidance varies
    regarding the strength and longevity of morning convection, leading
    to some spread regarding the zone of organized storm potential later
    in the day. One scenario is for storms to persist and reintensify
    through the day, as convection impinges on an increasingly
    warm/moist and unstable environment. Another scenario is for morning
    convection to substantially weaken, resulting in potential for
    afternoon redevelopment along the slow-moving or stationary remnant
    outflow boundary. Some combination of these scenarios is also
    possible.

    If morning convection weakens or is not overly extensive, then the
    afternoon pre-storm environment will likely be characterized by
    moderate to strong buoyancy, with moderate midlevel northwesterlies
    providing sufficient effective shear for storm organization.
    Supercells capable of very large hail and localized severe gusts
    will be possible. Some tornado potential could evolve as well,
    especially in a scenario where supercells interact with a modifying
    outflow boundary.

    ...TN to the Carolinas...
    A quasi-stationary front is forecast to extend from east-central MO southeastward into NC by early afternoon. Despite relatively modest
    low-level moisture, diurnal heating combined with seasonably cold
    temperatures aloft associated with a deep upper-level trough across
    the region will allow for weak to moderate destabilization
    near/south of the front. Isolated to scattered storm development is
    expected this afternoon, with somewhat greater coverage expected
    with eastward extent. Modestly favorable effective shear (generally
    25-30 kt) may support occasionally organized storms capable of
    isolated damaging wind and hail. Any longer-lived clusters could
    pose a more concentrated wind-damage threat, though confidence in
    the details of any such threat is currently low.

    ...Eastern ID/Southwest MT/Northwest WY...
    A mid/upper-level shortwave trough will move eastward from the
    Pacific Northwest toward the northern Rockies by this evening. Weak
    to locally moderate buoyancy and increasing deep-layer shear will
    support potential for somewhat organized cells/clusters with an
    attendant threat of isolated severe gusts and hail. Depending on the
    extent of diurnal heating/destabilization, a localized corridor of
    somewhat greater potential may evolve with the broader Marginal Risk
    area.

    ...South FL...
    Convection is expected to redevelop early this morning and
    potentially spread into parts of the southwest FL Peninsula by the
    start of the forecast period. There will be some potential for
    modest diurnal heating and additional destabilization before storms
    spread across the rest of south FL through the morning into early
    afternoon. Deep-layer shear will be sufficient for some storm
    organization and a potential threat for isolated damaging gusts and
    hail.

    ...Eastern CO/NM...
    Scattered storms are again expected this afternoon and evening along
    and east of the higher terrain in eastern CO/NM. While deep-layer
    flow/shear will be relatively modest, guidance suggests some
    increase in low-level moisture and instability by afternoon. Initial
    storms could pose a threat for isolated hail and strong to severe
    gusts. There is some potential for one or more loosely organized
    clusters to develop by evening and spread eastward with strong to
    locally severe outflow winds.

    ...Southern CA into southern/central AZ...
    A mid/upper-level cyclone will move northeastward into parts of
    southern CA/AZ later today. Cool temperatures aloft will overspread
    the region, but relatively widespread cloudiness and precipitation
    will tend to limit destabilization. If pockets of locally stronger heating/destabilization can develop, then a few strong storms will
    be possible. However, confidence is too low to include severe
    probabilities at this time.

    ...Great Basin...
    High-based convection is expected to develop this afternoon from
    parts of NV into western UT. Buoyancy and shear are both expected to
    remain weak, and organized convection is not expected, but localized
    strong outflow gusts will be possible within this regime into the
    early evening.

    ..Dean/Wendt.. 06/01/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jun 1 12:52:39 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 011252
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 011251

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0751 AM CDT Sun Jun 01 2025

    Valid 011300Z - 021200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PORTIONS OF
    NORTHERN AND EASTERN TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered large hail and isolated damaging winds are possible later
    today into this evening across central and east Texas. More isolated
    severe thunderstorms are possible across parts of the mid-Tennessee
    River Valley into the Carolinas, central and southern High Plains,
    northern Rockies, and south Florida.

    ...Central and eastern TX...
    Thunderstorms that developed earlier over northern/central OK have
    moved into southern OK/Red River vicinity at 13z, and have thus far
    remained only loosely organized. Expectations in the short term are
    for this area of rain/thunderstorms to continue south/southeast into north-central and northeast TX, with perhaps an isolated stronger
    storm posing a hail/wind threat. Redevelopment/re-intensification is anticipated this afternoon as the residual outflow encounters
    moderate/strong MLCAPE on the order of 2500-3000 J/kg. Northwesterly
    deep-layer shear averaging 35-40 kts will be sufficient for
    organized storms, including supercells, posing a risk for large to
    very large hail and damaging gusts. A sustained storm interacting
    with residual/modifying outflow may have some tornado potential in
    the presence of locally-augmented low-level shear.

    ...TN to the Carolinas...
    A quasi-stationary front is forecast to extend from eastern MO
    southeastward into NC by early afternoon. Despite relatively modest
    low-level moisture, diurnal heating combined with seasonably cold
    temperatures aloft associated with a deep upper-level trough will
    allow for weak to moderate destabilization near and south of the
    front. Isolated to scattered storm development is expected this
    afternoon, with somewhat greater coverage expected with eastward
    extent. Modestly favorable effective shear (generally 25-30 kt) may
    support occasionally organized storms capable of isolated damaging
    wind and hail. Any longer-lived clusters could pose a more
    concentrated wind-damage threat, and latest hi-res guidance suggests
    this may be most likely across central/eastern NC in association
    with a weak surface low moving east along the front.

    ...Eastern ID/Southwest MT/Northwest WY...
    A mid/upper-level shortwave trough will move eastward from the
    Pacific Northwest toward the northern Rockies by this evening. Weak
    to locally moderate buoyancy and increasing deep-layer shear will
    support the potential for somewhat organized cells/clusters with an
    attendant threat of isolated severe gusts and hail. Depending on the
    extent of diurnal heating/destabilization, a localized corridor of
    somewhat greater potential may evolve with the broader Marginal Risk
    area.

    ...South FL...
    Thunderstorms have redeveloped this morning along a low-level
    confluence zone, with a few stronger updrafts occasionally
    exhibiting low/mid-level rotation. There will be some potential for
    modest diurnal heating and additional destabilization before storms
    spread across the rest of south FL through the morning into early
    afternoon. Westerly mid-level flow averaging 30 kts with a weakening
    mid-level jet will support sufficient deep-layer shear for some
    storm organization and the potential for isolated damaging gusts and
    hail. A tornado cannot be ruled out this morning through early
    afternoon with any stronger/semi-discrete storm. Please refer to
    Mesoscale Convective Discussion 1060 for the latest short-term
    thinking in this area.

    ...Eastern CO/NM...
    Scattered storms are again expected this afternoon and evening long
    and east of the higher terrain in eastern CO/NM. While deep-layer
    flow/shear will be relatively modest, guidance suggests some
    increase in low-level moisture and instability by afternoon. Initial
    storms could pose a threat for isolated hail and strong to severe
    gusts. There is some potential for one or more loosely organized
    clusters to develop by evening and spread eastward with strong to
    locally severe outflow winds.

    ...Southern CA into southern/central AZ...
    A mid/upper-level cyclone will move northeastward into parts of
    southern CA/AZ later today. Cool temperatures aloft will overspread
    the region, but relatively widespread cloudiness and precipitation
    will tend to limit destabilization. If pockets of locally stronger heating/destabilization can develop, then a few strong storms will
    be possible. However, confidence remains too low to introduce severe probabilities at this time.

    ...Great Basin...
    High-based thunderstorms are expected to develop this afternoon from
    parts of NV into western UT. Buoyancy and shear are expected to
    remain weak, and organized thunderstorms are not expected, however
    localized strong outflow gusts will be possible within this regime
    through early evening.

    ..Bunting/Broyles.. 06/01/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jun 1 16:40:08 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 011639
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 011638

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1138 AM CDT Sun Jun 01 2025

    Valid 011630Z - 021200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS
    CENTRAL/EAST TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered large hail and isolated damaging winds are possible this
    afternoon and evening across central and east Texas. More isolated
    severe thunderstorms are possible across parts of the Middle
    Tennessee Valley and Carolinas, High Plains, northern Rockies, and
    south Florida.

    ...Central/East Texas...
    A residual small cluster of storms has persisted through late
    morning across northeast Texas. Additional and increasingly
    surface-based storm development will be possible this afternoon,
    particularly into mid/late afternoon. This will be focused where outflow/differential heating influences interface with an
    increasingly unstable (2500+ J/kg MLCAPE) environment near a northwest/southeast-oriented synoptic boundary and related
    instability gradient. Northwesterly deep-layer shear of 35-40 kt
    will be sufficient for organized storms, including supercells,
    posing a risk for large hail and potentially damaging wind gusts. A
    sustained storm interacting with residual/modifying outflow could
    have some tornado potential in the presence of locally-augmented
    low-level shear. These storms may cluster later today, or otherwise
    persist south-southeastward toward east-central/southeast Texas
    through early and mid-evening including the I-35/I-45 corridors.

    ...Tennessee to the Carolinas...
    Despite relatively modest low-level moisture, diurnal heating
    combined with seasonably cool temperatures aloft associated with a
    deep upper-level trough will allow for weak to moderate
    destabilization ahead of a weak surface wave and advancing front.
    Isolated to scattered storm development is expected this afternoon,
    with somewhat greater coverage expected with eastward extent
    centered on parts of North Carolina. Modestly favorable effective
    shear (generally 25-30 kt) may support occasionally organized storms
    capable of isolated damaging wind and hail. Any longer-lived
    clusters could pose a more concentrated wind-damage threat.

    ...Northern Rockies and northern High Plains...
    A mid/upper-level shortwave trough will move eastward from the
    Pacific Northwest toward the northern Rockies by this evening. Weak
    to locally moderate buoyancy and increasing deep-layer shear will
    support the potential for somewhat organized cells/clusters with an
    attendant threat of isolated severe gusts and hail. This development
    should generally focus near the Montana/Idaho/Wyoming border
    vicinity as well as near/east of the Bighorns.

    ...South Florida...
    Influenced by moderately strong westerlies aloft, some
    strong/locally severe storms may remain possible today along and
    south of a boundary that has been effectively reinforced by early
    day storms.

    ...Eastern Colorado/New Mexico...
    Scattered storms are again expected this afternoon and evening along
    and east of the higher terrain in eastern Colorado/New Mexico. While
    deep-layer flow/shear will be relatively modest, guidance suggests
    some increase in low-level moisture and instability by afternoon.
    Initial storms could pose a threat for isolated hail and strong to
    severe gusts. There is some potential for one or more loosely
    organized clusters to develop by evening and spread eastward with
    strong to locally severe outflow winds.

    ...Southern California into southern/central Arizona...
    A mid/upper-level cyclone will move northeastward into parts of
    southern California/Arizona later today. Cool temperatures aloft
    will overspread the region, but relatively widespread cloudiness and precipitation will tend to limit destabilization. If pockets of
    locally stronger heating/destabilization can develop, then a few
    strong storms could occur.

    ...Great Basin...
    High-based thunderstorms are expected to develop this afternoon from
    parts of Nevada into western Utah. Buoyancy and shear are expected
    to remain weak, and organized thunderstorms are not expected,
    however localized strong outflow gusts will be possible within this
    regime through early evening.

    ..Guyer/Marsh.. 06/01/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jun 1 19:58:22 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 011958
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 011956

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0256 PM CDT Sun Jun 01 2025

    Valid 012000Z - 021200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PORTIONS OF
    CENTRAL INTO EASTERN TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered large hail and isolated damaging winds remain possible
    this afternoon and evening across central and east Texas. More
    isolated severe thunderstorms are still possible across parts of the
    Middle Tennessee Valley and Carolinas, High Plains, northern
    Rockies, and south Florida.

    ...20Z Update...
    Much of the previous forecast (see below) remains on track. A pair
    of supercells persist across portions of eastern TX. To the
    northwest of these storms resides a baroclinic boundary. Though
    overall forcing for ascent is weak across the southern Plains, the
    presence of the boundary, in tandem with strong diurnal heating, may
    support additional strong to severe thunderstorm development across
    parts of central into eastern TX. Severe gusts and large hail
    (perhaps exceeding 2 inches in diameter at times) will be the main
    threats.

    Similarly, strong surface heating across the Middle TN Valley into
    the Carolinas, central High Plains, and northern Rockies, will
    support strong storm development through the afternoon, with severe
    hail/wind the primary hazards. Scattered thunderstorm development is
    ongoing across central and southern parts of the FL Peninsula, and a
    couple instances of hail/strong wind gusts remain possible for at
    least a few more hours.

    ..Squitieri.. 06/01/2025

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1138 AM CDT Sun Jun 01 2025/

    ...Central/East Texas...
    A residual small cluster of storms has persisted through late
    morning across northeast Texas. Additional and increasingly
    surface-based storm development will be possible this afternoon,
    particularly into mid/late afternoon. This will be focused where outflow/differential heating influences interface with an
    increasingly unstable (2500+ J/kg MLCAPE) environment near a northwest/southeast-oriented synoptic boundary and related
    instability gradient. Northwesterly deep-layer shear of 35-40 kt
    will be sufficient for organized storms, including supercells,
    posing a risk for large hail and potentially damaging wind gusts. A
    sustained storm interacting with residual/modifying outflow could
    have some tornado potential in the presence of locally-augmented
    low-level shear. These storms may cluster later today, or otherwise
    persist south-southeastward toward east-central/southeast Texas
    through early and mid-evening including the I-35/I-45 corridors.

    ...Tennessee to the Carolinas...
    Despite relatively modest low-level moisture, diurnal heating
    combined with seasonably cool temperatures aloft associated with a
    deep upper-level trough will allow for weak to moderate
    destabilization ahead of a weak surface wave and advancing front.
    Isolated to scattered storm development is expected this afternoon,
    with somewhat greater coverage expected with eastward extent
    centered on parts of North Carolina. Modestly favorable effective
    shear (generally 25-30 kt) may support occasionally organized storms
    capable of isolated damaging wind and hail. Any longer-lived
    clusters could pose a more concentrated wind-damage threat.

    ...Northern Rockies and northern High Plains...
    A mid/upper-level shortwave trough will move eastward from the
    Pacific Northwest toward the northern Rockies by this evening. Weak
    to locally moderate buoyancy and increasing deep-layer shear will
    support the potential for somewhat organized cells/clusters with an
    attendant threat of isolated severe gusts and hail. This development
    should generally focus near the Montana/Idaho/Wyoming border
    vicinity as well as near/east of the Bighorns.

    ...South Florida...
    Influenced by moderately strong westerlies aloft, some
    strong/locally severe storms may remain possible today along and
    south of a boundary that has been effectively reinforced by early
    day storms.

    ...Eastern Colorado/New Mexico...
    Scattered storms are again expected this afternoon and evening along
    and east of the higher terrain in eastern Colorado/New Mexico. While
    deep-layer flow/shear will be relatively modest, guidance suggests
    some increase in low-level moisture and instability by afternoon.
    Initial storms could pose a threat for isolated hail and strong to
    severe gusts. There is some potential for one or more loosely
    organized clusters to develop by evening and spread eastward with
    strong to locally severe outflow winds.

    ...Southern California into southern/central Arizona...
    A mid/upper-level cyclone will move northeastward into parts of
    southern California/Arizona later today. Cool temperatures aloft
    will overspread the region, but relatively widespread cloudiness and precipitation will tend to limit destabilization. If pockets of
    locally stronger heating/destabilization can develop, then a few
    strong storms could occur.

    ...Great Basin...
    High-based thunderstorms are expected to develop this afternoon from
    parts of Nevada into western Utah. Buoyancy and shear are expected
    to remain weak, and organized thunderstorms are not expected,
    however localized strong outflow gusts will be possible within this
    regime through early evening.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jun 2 00:57:26 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 020056
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 020054

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0754 PM CDT Sun Jun 01 2025

    Valid 020100Z - 021200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered large hail and isolated damaging winds remain possible
    this evening across portions of Texas.

    ...01z Update...

    Early-evening water-vapor imagery depicts a notable short-wave
    trough digging southeast across the lower MS Valley region. The tail
    end of this feature extends into northeast TX where it appears to be
    partially influential in ongoing strong/severe thunderstorm
    activity. Slow-moving surface boundary is currently draped across
    the south side of the Metroplex, extending into northwest TX, north
    of Abilene. 00z sounding from FWD exhibited seasonally strong
    instability with around 3000 J/kg MLCAPE, and adequate 0-6km bulk
    shear for organized updrafts. Later this evening, some increase in
    the LLJ is forecast across the TX South Plains, but low-level inflow
    is expected to remain somewhat weak farther east along the I-35
    corridor. Even so, southward propagation along the instability axis
    is expected with these hail-producing clusters into the late-evening
    hours.

    ..Darrow.. 06/02/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jun 2 05:30:17 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 020530
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 020528

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1228 AM CDT Mon Jun 02 2025

    Valid 021200Z - 031200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE HIGH
    PLAINS INTO SOUTHWESTERN MINNESOTA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are possible across the High Plains
    into southwestern Minnesota. Severe gusts and large hail are the
    expected hazards.

    ...High Plains to southwestern MN...

    Strong northern-stream short-wave trough is currently located over
    southeastern BC into the northern inter mountain region. This
    feature is forecast to advance into eastern MT/WY by 03/00z as 60+kt
    500mb flow translates into the northern Dakotas. During the latter
    half of the period, mid-level heights will be suppressed across this
    region and a pronounced surface anticyclone will force a strong cold
    front to surge across the eastern Dakotas/NE into the upper MS
    Valley.

    Latest model guidance suggests strong boundary-layer heating will be
    noted ahead of the cold front with the steepest 0-3km lapse rates
    forecast across the central High Plains, and across portions of
    northern MN by late afternoon. Forecast soundings suggest convective temperatures will be breached just ahead of the surging cold front
    by 21-22z, and scattered convection should readily develop along the
    wind shift. While some supercell threat is expected, especially
    early in the convective evolution, storm mergers and potential
    clustering/line segments favor a hail risk transitioning to more
    wind.

    Farther south into the TX Panhandle region, a well-defined upper low
    is beginning to eject northeast across the northern Baja Peninsula.
    This feature will open up and progress into the southern High Plains
    by late evening. Large-scale forcing ahead of the short wave will
    prove instrumental in aiding scattered robust convection across much
    of the southern High Plains by late afternoon. Forecast soundings
    are not particularly noteworthy, but amply buoyant and adequately
    sheared for some convective organization. While some hail risk
    appears possible early, locally damaging winds may be more common as
    convection spreads east during the evening hours, aided by
    southern-stream short wave.

    ...South Florida...

    Strong short-wave trough is digging southeast across the lower MS
    Valley, and will progress into the eastern Gulf Basin by late
    afternoon. Some increase in mid-level flow is expected across the
    southern Peninsula, along with a LLJ by early evening across
    southeast FL. This synoptic evolution favors a considerable amount
    of convection across this region as large-scale support increases
    ahead of the short wave. Scattered-widespread thunderstorms,
    beginning as early as 18z, are expected. Some of this activity may
    be robust at times. Have introduced a MRGL Risk to account for a
    local wind/hail threat with this activity.

    ..Darrow/Wendt.. 06/02/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jun 2 12:52:04 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 021251
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 021249

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0749 AM CDT Mon Jun 02 2025

    Valid 021300Z - 031200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM
    SOUTHERN/CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS ACROSS THE CENTRAL PLAINS INTO
    SOUTHWESTERN MN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are possible across the High Plains
    into southwestern Minnesota. Severe gusts and large hail are the
    expected hazards.

    ...Central High Plains to MN...
    Early morning satellite imagery depicts a northern-stream shortwave
    trough moving into western MT. Expectation is for this shortwave to
    continue eastward across MT and the northern Plains today, ending
    the period over far northwestern Ontario. Surface cyclogenesis is
    anticipated over SD ahead of this shortwave. The resulting surface
    low will track quickly northeastward into northern MN along a
    seasonally strong cold front. This front, which recent surface
    analysis places from northwest MN into the far northern NE
    Panhandle, is expected to extend from the MN Arrowhead through
    central NE by 00Z tonight. Strong heating is expected ahead of this
    front, bringing temperatures into the upper 80s/low 90s from central
    MN into central NE. These temperatures coupled with dewpoints in the
    upper 50s to mid 60s will foster airmass destabilization, and
    thunderstorm development is expected as the cold front and
    large-scale forcing for ascent interacts with this destabilized
    airmass.

    Initial thunderstorm development is expected during the afternoon
    across MN where the strongest low-level convergence will be in
    place. Dewpoints (and overall buoyancy) will be lower here than
    areas farther southwest, which is expected to limit overall storm
    strength and contribute to an anafrontal storm character. Late
    afternoon/early evening storm development is likely farther
    southwest into central NE along the wind shift. Strong buoyancy will
    favor robust updrafts, but deep-layer shear will be modest. This
    weaker shear coupled with linear forcing is expected to result in a
    quick transition to a predominantly linear mode. As a result, some
    supercell threat is possible early in the convective evolution but,
    storm mergers and potential clustering/line segments favor a hail
    risk transitioning rather quickly to more wind.

    Large-scale ascent could also help support another area of
    thunderstorms over southeast WY and the adjacent NE Panhandle. The
    strength and/or organization of these storms is uncertain, but there
    is some chance they will persist long enough to interact with the
    storms along front, locally enhancing the severe potential.

    ...Southern High Plains...
    Satellite imagery shows a well-defined shortwave trough moving
    across the Southwest. This shortwave is forecast to reach the
    southern High Plains by late evening. Increasing large-scale ascent
    will result in scattered thunderstorms across much of the region
    during the afternoon and evening. Some isolated hail is possible
    early, but these storms are expected to become increasingly outflow
    dominant as they move into the deeply mixed airmass over the West
    TX, the TX/OK Panhandles, and southwest KS. A few severe gusts are
    possible.

    ...South FL...
    Shortwave trough moving over the central Gulf Coast is forecast to
    continue southeastward into the eastern Gulf, with increasing
    large-scale ascent downstream across much of the FL Peninsula. This
    synoptic evolution favors a considerable amount of convection, with
    scattered to widespread thunderstorms beginning as early as 18Z.
    Some occasionally strong updrafts are possible, capable of both
    isolated hail and damaging gusts.

    ..Mosier/Broyles.. 06/02/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jun 2 16:30:20 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 021630
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 021628

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1128 AM CDT Mon Jun 02 2025

    Valid 021630Z - 031200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE TEXAS
    PANHANDLE AND NORTHWEST OKLAHOMA INTO WESTERN KANSAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are likely from the Texas Panhandle
    and northwest Oklahoma into western Kansas. Severe gusts 60-75 mph
    will be the primary hazard and localized gusts 75-90 mph are
    possible.

    ...Southern High Plains into KS...
    Visible-satellite imagery shows a potent mid-level shortwave trough
    over AZ, which is forecast to move east-northeastward into northeast
    NM this evening and south-central High Plains by daybreak. Farther
    east, a patch of stratus over the northeast TX Panhandle and western
    OK is attributable to the northwest periphery of richer low-level
    moisture (upper 60s surface dewpoints) per late morning analysis.
    The leading band of large-scale ascent with the Desert Southwest
    disturbance is progressing eastward across central NM southward into
    southwest TX, as indicated by mid- to high-level clouds and
    convection.

    Strong heating will continue this afternoon ahead of the cloud
    shield across the southern High Plains into eastern CO/western KS.
    Very steep 0-3 km lapse rates and moderate to very strong buoyancy
    (1000-3500 J/kg MLCAPE) and eroding convective inhibition, will
    favor scattered storms developing by mid afternoon on the western
    part of the moist/unstable sector. Relatively modest mid to
    high-level flow will favor organized multicells. As storm outflow
    begins to congeal and as storms move eastward into an increasingly
    moist airmass (PW rising from 1 inch to 1.5 inches), a propensity
    for widespread thunderstorms and outflow will peak by early evening.
    Forecast experience in the combination of PW, buoyancy, sufficient
    shear for multicells, and high agreement in a linear storm mode, all
    strongly suggest severe gusts will be the primary hazard. Gusts
    60-75 mph will be common with the stronger surges of outflow and
    localized peak gusts 75-90 mph are possible. Have upgraded to
    30-percent significant wind due to confidence in intense outflow.
    CAMs show this activity spreading east across western and northern
    OK and into much of central KS before weakening late this evening
    into the early overnight.

    ...Central High Plains to MN...
    A mid-level shortwave trough is forecast to continue eastward across
    MT and the northern Plains. A surface cold front from northwest MN southwestward into the central High Plains is forecast to focus
    thunderstorms this afternoon into tonight. Strong heating is
    expected ahead of this front, where moderate destabilization will be
    aided by upper 50s to mid 60s surface dewpoints.

    Initial thunderstorm development is expected during the afternoon
    across MN where the strongest low-level convergence will be in
    place. Dewpoints (and overall buoyancy) will be lower here than
    areas farther southwest, which is expected to limit overall storm
    strength and contribute to an anafrontal storm character. Farther
    southwest, isolated storms will probably develop by mid afternoon
    over southeast WY/NE Panhandle with increasing storm coverage as
    this activity moves east during the late afternoon/evening. Strong
    buoyancy will favor robust updrafts, but deep-layer shear will be
    modest. This weaker shear coupled with linear forcing is expected
    to result in a quick transition to a predominantly linear mode. As a
    result, some supercell threat is possible early in the convective
    evolution but, storm mergers and potential clustering/line segments
    favor a hail risk transitioning rather quickly to more wind. Some
    continuation of a severe threat (mainly wind) may persist late into
    the evening and early overnight across NE, near the terminus of a
    45-kt south-southwesterly LLJ.

    ...South FL...
    Shortwave trough moving over the central Gulf of America is forecast
    to continue southeastward into the eastern Gulf, with increasing
    large-scale ascent downstream across much of the FL Peninsula.
    Thunderstorm coverage will gradually increase through the mid
    afternoon with severe/damaging gusts and large hail possible with
    the stronger cores. This activity will likely weaken by the early
    evening.

    ..Smith/Flournoy.. 06/02/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jun 2 19:55:23 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 021955
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 021953

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0253 PM CDT Mon Jun 02 2025

    Valid 022000Z - 031200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE TEXAS
    PANHANDLE AND NORTHWEST OKLAHOMA INTO WESTERN KANSAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are likely from the Texas Panhandle
    and northwest Oklahoma into western Kansas. Severe gusts 60-75 mph
    will be the primary hazard and localized gusts 75-90 mph are
    possible.

    ...20 UTC Update...
    The forecast largely remains on track with only minor adjustments
    needed. For a general overview of the severe risk, see the
    discussion below.

    ...Minnesota...
    Convection associated with a pronounced MCV traversing MN has
    persisted longer than anticipated, and has yielded a few
    strong/severe wind gusts over the past 1-2 hours. Although
    downstream buoyancy is limited (SBCAPE between 500-1000 J/kg), a
    corridor of steep low-level lapse rates exists immediately
    downstream of the cluster. These low-level thermodynamics should
    continue to promote a severe wind threat for the next few hours as
    the MCV migrates northeast towards the MN Arrowhead region. 15% wind probabilities have been expanded downstream to account for this
    concern in conjunction with recently issued WW #354.

    ...Southern High Plains...
    A convective cluster is beginning to organize across western TX and
    into parts of the TX Panhandle. A pronounced boundary evident in
    regional radar imagery is propagating due eastward into an
    increasingly buoyant air mass, which should promote a steady
    increase in convective coverage through early evening. An 18 UTC AMA
    sounding sampled very buoyant conditions (SBCAPE of around 3000
    J/kg) with a deepening boundary layer. While wind profiles are
    currently not overly impressive, favorable thermodynamics should
    promote cold-pool driven storm propagation for the next few hours
    until mid-level flow increases later tonight and favors increasing
    organization across the Panhandles, southwest KS, and northwest OK.
    For additional near-term details see MCD #1075.

    ...Florida...
    Persistent convection through early/mid-afternoon has resulted in
    the development of an expansive cirrus shield across the FL
    Peninsula with an notable cold pool along the FL west coast. Risk
    probabilities have been removed to account for these trends, though
    20-30 knot mid-level flow sampled by regional VWPs suggests that
    some severe threat may persist within ongoing convection across the
    greater Miami, FL area. While remaining daytime heating will be
    muted under the cirrus canopy, temperatures warming into the 80s
    coupled with a developing sea breeze along Florida's east coast may
    support additional convection later this afternoon/early evening (as
    hinted by recent CAM guidance).

    ..Moore.. 06/02/2025

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1128 AM CDT Mon Jun 02 2025/

    ...Southern High Plains into KS...
    Visible-satellite imagery shows a potent mid-level shortwave trough
    over AZ, which is forecast to move east-northeastward into northeast
    NM this evening and south-central High Plains by daybreak. Farther
    east, a patch of stratus over the northeast TX Panhandle and western
    OK is attributable to the northwest periphery of richer low-level
    moisture (upper 60s surface dewpoints) per late morning analysis.
    The leading band of large-scale ascent with the Desert Southwest
    disturbance is progressing eastward across central NM southward into
    southwest TX, as indicated by mid- to high-level clouds and
    convection.

    Strong heating will continue this afternoon ahead of the cloud
    shield across the southern High Plains into eastern CO/western KS.
    Very steep 0-3 km lapse rates and moderate to very strong buoyancy
    (1000-3500 J/kg MLCAPE) and eroding convective inhibition, will
    favor scattered storms developing by mid afternoon on the western
    part of the moist/unstable sector. Relatively modest mid to
    high-level flow will favor organized multicells. As storm outflow
    begins to congeal and as storms move eastward into an increasingly
    moist airmass (PW rising from 1 inch to 1.5 inches), a propensity
    for widespread thunderstorms and outflow will peak by early evening.
    Forecast experience in the combination of PW, buoyancy, sufficient
    shear for multicells, and high agreement in a linear storm mode, all
    strongly suggest severe gusts will be the primary hazard. Gusts
    60-75 mph will be common with the stronger surges of outflow and
    localized peak gusts 75-90 mph are possible. Have upgraded to
    30-percent significant wind due to confidence in intense outflow.
    CAMs show this activity spreading east across western and northern
    OK and into much of central KS before weakening late this evening
    into the early overnight.

    ...Central High Plains to MN...
    A mid-level shortwave trough is forecast to continue eastward across
    MT and the northern Plains. A surface cold front from northwest MN southwestward into the central High Plains is forecast to focus
    thunderstorms this afternoon into tonight. Strong heating is
    expected ahead of this front, where moderate destabilization will be
    aided by upper 50s to mid 60s surface dewpoints.

    Initial thunderstorm development is expected during the afternoon
    across MN where the strongest low-level convergence will be in
    place. Dewpoints (and overall buoyancy) will be lower here than
    areas farther southwest, which is expected to limit overall storm
    strength and contribute to an anafrontal storm character. Farther
    southwest, isolated storms will probably develop by mid afternoon
    over southeast WY/NE Panhandle with increasing storm coverage as
    this activity moves east during the late afternoon/evening. Strong
    buoyancy will favor robust updrafts, but deep-layer shear will be
    modest. This weaker shear coupled with linear forcing is expected
    to result in a quick transition to a predominantly linear mode. As a
    result, some supercell threat is possible early in the convective
    evolution but, storm mergers and potential clustering/line segments
    favor a hail risk transitioning rather quickly to more wind. Some
    continuation of a severe threat (mainly wind) may persist late into
    the evening and early overnight across NE, near the terminus of a
    45-kt south-southwesterly LLJ.

    ...South FL...
    Shortwave trough moving over the central Gulf of America is forecast
    to continue southeastward into the eastern Gulf, with increasing
    large-scale ascent downstream across much of the FL Peninsula.
    Thunderstorm coverage will gradually increase through the mid
    afternoon with severe/damaging gusts and large hail possible with
    the stronger cores. This activity will likely weaken by the early
    evening.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jun 3 00:42:54 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 030042
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 030041

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0741 PM CDT Mon Jun 02 2025

    Valid 030100Z - 031200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are likely across portions of the
    Plains. Severe gusts are the primary hazard, though large hail is
    also possible across the central Plains.

    ...01z Update...

    Remnants of southwestern U.S. upper low have opened up and are now
    ejecting northeast across the Four Corners region. Leading edge of
    this feature appears to be partly responsible for an organized band
    of severe-wind-producing thunderstorms that are surging northeast
    across the central High Plains. Numerous measured wind gusts in
    excess of 50kt have been observed recently across western KS, and
    convection generating this activity will spread across the remainder
    of western KS this evening. Farther north, slower-moving frontal
    convection has evolved across NE into northeast CO. Approaching
    upper trough should encourage upscale growth to this activity,
    especially as some increase in the LLJ is expected across eastern KS
    into far southeast NE later this evening. Overall, convection should
    gradually advance toward the lower MO River Valley by the end of the
    period.

    ..Darrow.. 06/03/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jun 3 05:39:51 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 030538
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 030536

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1236 AM CDT Tue Jun 03 2025

    Valid 031200Z - 041200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS GREAT PLAINS TO
    THE MIDWEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are possible from the southern Great
    Plains to the Midwest. Damaging winds and large hail are the primary
    concern.

    ...Great Plains to the Midwest...

    Large-scale pattern is not forecast to change appreciably during the
    day1 period with upper troughing forecast to persist across the
    northern Plains as a secondary upper low digs into the southwestern
    U.S. by 04/12z. Even so, the progression of a notable short-wave
    trough into the central Plains by afternoon will encourage a
    seasonally strong cold front to surge south across the Great Plains.
    By early evening, the frontal position should extend across central
    WI-central MO-central OK-TX South Plains. This boundary will serve
    as the primary focus for robust convection through the period,
    especially during the afternoon/evening.

    Early this morning, a considerable amount of convection has evolved
    across the central Plains along the aforementioned cold front.
    Latest radar data supports 00z model guidance, and substantial
    thunderstorm clusters should be ongoing at the start of the period
    from eastern KS into IA, as the LLJ will be focused into this region
    of the Plains. While some of this activity may be locally severe,
    the primary concern for severe is later in the afternoon as the
    boundary layer warms/destabilizes.

    Strongest boundary-layer heating is forecast across the southern
    High Plains from eastern NM into western OK; although, a narrow zone
    of modest heating is expected ahead of the front into central IL.
    This corridor is where the strongest destabilization will occur,
    with upwards of 3000 J/kg SBCAPE possible. Forecast soundings
    suggest convective temperatures will be breached fairly early, as
    700mb temperatures are not that warm along the front. While
    mid-level temperatures/lapse rates are not particularly noteworthy,
    high PW air mass and a convergent surface front, coupled with
    large-scale support aloft, favor a convectively-active day. By late
    afternoon, widespread convection may be noted along/ahead of the
    front, and this zone should gradually sag south and east into the
    overnight hours. Wind and hail are the primary concerns with
    clusters and line segments that develop. While some supercell risk
    will be noted, especially early in the convective cycle, storm
    mergers and clustering should dominate.

    ..Darrow/Wendt.. 06/03/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jun 3 12:37:55 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 031237
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 031236

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0736 AM CDT Tue Jun 03 2025

    Valid 031300Z - 041200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PORTIONS OF
    THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS INTO THE MIDWEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are possible from the southern Great
    Plains to the Midwest. Damaging winds and large hail are the primary
    concerns.

    ...Central/Southern Plains into the Midwest...
    Recent satellite imagery shows a well-defined shortwave trough over
    eastern CO/northeastern NM, embedded within larger upper troughing
    that extends over much of the western and central CONUS. An
    extensive area of showers and thunderstorms (i.e. from the TX Hill
    Country into IA and MN) is ongoing ahead of this shortwave trough
    and its associated cold front. These showers and thunderstorms will
    likely continue eastward/northeastward throughout the day, which
    could limit diurnal heating along the frontal zone, particularly
    from the IL/IA border vicinity northward. This limited heating will
    temper the overall buoyancy in those areas, keeping the severe risk
    isolated despite the presence of stronger deep-layer shear than
    areas farther south.

    Moderate diurnal heating appears likely ahead of the cold front
    from the IA/MO/IL border intersection vicinity southwestward across
    MO and into eastern OK and KS. However, the amount of precipitation
    currently ongoing in this region and upstream does introduce some
    doubt to whether or not highs in the mid 80s will be realized. Even
    if temperatures stay in the upper 70s/low 80s, abundant low-level
    moisture coupled with relatively modest mid-level temperatures
    should still result in an uncapped airmass ahead of the front during
    the early afternoon. Given the line-parallel orientation of the
    deep-layer shear across this region, expectation is for a
    predominantly linear storm mode, with occasional bowing segments
    capable of producing damaging gusts.

    The strongest heating ahead of the cold front is anticipated from
    western OK south into the TX Hill Country. Here, afternoon
    temperatures will likely reach the low 90s amid dewpoints in the
    upper 60s (perhaps even the low 70s). These surface conditions will
    help support strong to very strong buoyancy ahead of the front, with
    MLCAPE over 2500 J/kg for much of this region by 21Z. Robust
    thunderstorms are expected to develop when the front interacts with
    this buoyancy, with potential for some pre-frontal development
    within areas of low-level confluence as well. An initially more
    cellular mode is likely, and vertical shear is forecast to be strong
    enough to support supercells. Large hail will be the primary risk
    with these storms, but some low tornado potential exists as well,
    particularly near a low expected to be over the southwest
    OK/northwest TX region during the afternoon. Given the frontal
    forcing and widespread coverage, a quick transition to a linear mode
    appears likely, with damaging gusts becoming the primary severe
    risk. The deep-shear vector here should be more orthogonal to the
    line than areas farther north, fostering the potential for a more forward-propagating convective line across central OK and
    north-central/central TX from the late afternoon through the
    evening. Strong to occasionally severe thunderstorms should continue
    along the front as it moves into TX Hill Country tonight.

    ..Mosier/Broyles.. 06/03/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jun 3 16:28:57 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 031628
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 031627

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1127 AM CDT Tue Jun 03 2025

    Valid 031630Z - 041200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PORTIONS OF
    THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS INTO THE MIDWEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are possible from the southern Great
    Plains to the Midwest. Damaging winds and large hail are the primary
    concerns.

    ...Central/Southern Plains into the Midwest...
    Water-vapor imagery late this morning shows a mid-level shortwave
    trough over the central Great Plains, embedded within larger upper
    troughing centered over MT/WY and the Dakotas that extends over much
    of the north-central U.S. A cold front extends from the western
    Great Lakes southwestward to a weak low near the OK/KS/TX Panhandle
    region. An extensive area of showers and thunderstorms exists from
    KS eastward into the mid MS Valley near the frontal zone.

    A low-predictability forecast scenario regarding specific details of
    storm evolution is expected this afternoon into the evening. A
    relatively weak capping inversion was sampled by the 12 UTC Norman,
    OK and Fort Worth/Midland, TX raobs (9 to 10 deg C at 700 mb) over
    the southern Great Plains. Heating in wake of morning convection
    and related cloud debris will promote a very unstable boundary layer
    by early to mid afternoon. Expecting a diurnal increase in
    low-level moisture coincident with the evapotranspiration cycle and
    lowest 100-mb mean mixing ratios increasing from 14-15 to 16-17 g/kg (translated to surface dewpoints rising from 68-70 to 72-76 deg F).
    Forecast soundings show 2500-3500 J/kg MLCAPE from southwest MO into
    central TX. The 12 UTC model run of the NAM appears to be an
    unrealistic outlier solution showing enhanced low-level shear across
    OK during the afternoon. As convective inhibition erodes across the
    southern Great Plains east of a dryline/cold front and south of
    reinforced outflow draped across southern KS into northern MO,
    expecting scattered to numerous thunderstorms to develop during the
    afternoon into the evening period. Severe gusts and large hail
    appear to be the primary severe hazards. Strong to occasionally
    severe thunderstorms should continue along the front as it moves
    into TX Hill Country tonight. An elongated corridor of low-tornado
    potential will be maintained this outlook update from the southern
    Great Plains northeastward through the lower MO Valley and into the
    western Great Lakes. A belt of 40-kt 2 km southwesterly flow will
    be maintained across western into northern MO and spatially
    overlapping outflow in the lower MO Valley. Limited heating will
    temper the overall buoyancy across the northern half of MO into IA,
    likely tempering the overall severe risk. Additionally, with the
    line-parallel orientation of the deep-layer shear across this
    region, the expectation is for a predominantly linear storm mode,
    with occasional bowing segments capable of producing damaging gusts.

    ..Smith/Flournoy.. 06/03/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jun 3 19:58:28 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 031956
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 031955

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0255 PM CDT Tue Jun 03 2025

    Valid 032000Z - 041200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ROM PORTIONS OF
    THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS INTO THE MIDWEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are possible from the southern Great
    Plains to the Midwest. Damaging winds and large hail are the primary
    concerns.

    ...20z Update...

    ...Northern Missouri...
    The primary forecast update pertains to the organizing/intensifying
    convective line entering western MO (as of 19 UTC). Downstream of
    this line, satellite trends show dissipating cirrus with increasing low/mid-level cumulus associated with a northward advection of
    low-level moisture and increasing diurnal heating. Consequently, it
    is becoming increasingly probable that downstream destabilization
    will be sufficient and timely enough to maintain the strengthening
    line as it moves into northern MO and perhaps into southeast IA
    later this evening. Recent CAM guidance appears to be capturing this
    trend well and show a consistent severe wind signal through this
    corridor. Recent VWP observations from KEAX show sufficient
    low-level shear within the recovering air mass (driven by
    strengthening low-level warm advection) to support a threat of
    embedded circulations/brief tornadoes within the line. As such, 5%
    tornado probabilities have been introduced.

    ...Southern Plains...
    Thunderstorm coverage is beginning to increase from southern KS into
    central OK/northern TX as temperatures warm into the mid 80s with
    eroding inhibition. This trend is expected to continue as a cold
    front continues to push east into a moist/unstable air mass. The
    KTLX VWP continues to sample sufficient deep-layer shear for
    organized convection, including the potential for a supercell or two
    ahead of the primary convective line. While severe hail/wind will be
    possible with pre-line discrete cells, the primary severe risk will
    likely manifest with the developing convective line later this
    afternoon and evening.

    ..Moore.. 06/03/2025

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1127 AM CDT Tue Jun 03 2025/

    ...Central/Southern Plains into the Midwest...
    Water-vapor imagery late this morning shows a mid-level shortwave
    trough over the central Great Plains, embedded within larger upper
    troughing centered over MT/WY and the Dakotas that extends over much
    of the north-central U.S. A cold front extends from the western
    Great Lakes southwestward to a weak low near the OK/KS/TX Panhandle
    region. An extensive area of showers and thunderstorms exists from
    KS eastward into the mid MS Valley near the frontal zone.

    A low-predictability forecast scenario regarding specific details of
    storm evolution is expected this afternoon into the evening. A
    relatively weak capping inversion was sampled by the 12 UTC Norman,
    OK and Fort Worth/Midland, TX raobs (9 to 10 deg C at 700 mb) over
    the southern Great Plains. Heating in wake of morning convection
    and related cloud debris will promote a very unstable boundary layer
    by early to mid afternoon. Expecting a diurnal increase in
    low-level moisture coincident with the evapotranspiration cycle and
    lowest 100-mb mean mixing ratios increasing from 14-15 to 16-17 g/kg (translated to surface dewpoints rising from 68-70 to 72-76 deg F).
    Forecast soundings show 2500-3500 J/kg MLCAPE from southwest MO into
    central TX. The 12 UTC model run of the NAM appears to be an
    unrealistic outlier solution showing enhanced low-level shear across
    OK during the afternoon. As convective inhibition erodes across the
    southern Great Plains east of a dryline/cold front and south of
    reinforced outflow draped across southern KS into northern MO,
    expecting scattered to numerous thunderstorms to develop during the
    afternoon into the evening period. Severe gusts and large hail
    appear to be the primary severe hazards. Strong to occasionally
    severe thunderstorms should continue along the front as it moves
    into TX Hill Country tonight. An elongated corridor of low-tornado
    potential will be maintained this outlook update from the southern
    Great Plains northeastward through the lower MO Valley and into the
    western Great Lakes. A belt of 40-kt 2 km southwesterly flow will
    be maintained across western into northern MO and spatially
    overlapping outflow in the lower MO Valley. Limited heating will
    temper the overall buoyancy across the northern half of MO into IA,
    likely tempering the overall severe risk. Additionally, with the
    line-parallel orientation of the deep-layer shear across this
    region, the expectation is for a predominantly linear storm mode,
    with occasional bowing segments capable of producing damaging gusts.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jun 4 00:49:32 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 040049
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 040048

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0748 PM CDT Tue Jun 03 2025

    Valid 040100Z - 041200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE SOUTHERN
    GREAT PLAINS TO THE MIDWEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms remain possible from the southern
    Great Plains to the Midwest.

    ...01z Update...

    Low-amplitude short-wave trough is ejecting across eastern KS/OK
    into extreme northern TX. A considerable amount of convection has
    evolved ahead of this feature, just ahead of the synoptic front this
    is now surging southeast across southeast KS-central OK-TX south
    Plains. Complex storm modes are noted along the corridor of pre
    frontal convection, with a mix of a few supercells, clusters, and
    bowing line segments. Seasonally strong instability has yet to be
    overturned ahead of this activity with 2000-3000 J/kg SBCAPE
    extending as far northeast as the MO Ozarks. 00z sounding from SGF
    supports this with 2600 J/kg SBCAPE and 0-6km bulk shear around
    30kt. Additionally, lapse rates are not that steep and CINH is
    negligible, so widespread convection should spread east and
    southeast ahead of this boundary through this evening.

    Buoyancy is quite a bit weaker across northern IL into southern WI,
    but an organized QLCS is propagating northeast into this region. DVN
    sounding exhibits around 40kt 0-6km shear, so this activity is
    expected to remain organized for the next several hours despite the
    poor lapse rates and modest instability.

    ..Darrow.. 06/04/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jun 4 05:36:32 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 040536
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 040535

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1235 AM CDT Wed Jun 04 2025

    Valid 041200Z - 051200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms are possible later this afternoon into
    the evening across portions of the southern High Plains. Hail and
    wind are the primary concerns. Locally damaging winds may accompany
    convection that develops from the lower Great Lakes into eastern
    Texas.

    ...Southern High Plains...

    Mid-level height falls across the lower CO River Valley are
    beginning to dislodge an upper low off the northern Baja Peninsula.
    This feature is forecast to advance to near the AZ/NM border by 18z,
    then into the southern Rockies by 05/00z. Latest model guidance
    suggests 500 mb flow in excess of 40kt will translate across
    southern NM into the TX Panhandle by peak heating. Some pressure
    reduction is expected across the southern High Plains ahead of this
    feature, and a LLJ should develop after sunset from west TX into
    southeast NM. This large-scale evolution favors low-level moisture
    being drawn into the higher terrain of northern NM. Strongest
    boundary-layer heating is forecast across southwestern NM, but
    modest heating will contribute to destabilization across much of
    eastern NM by late afternoon. Current thinking is scattered robust
    convection, including supercells, should generate across the higher
    terrain of the Sangre de Cristo range, then spread east ahead of the
    short wave. Forecast soundings favor hail, and perhaps a few severe
    wind gusts. A brief tornado or two can also not be ruled out as this
    activity spreads toward the southern TX Panhandle.

    ...Elsewhere...

    A narrow corridor of high PW air mass (1.75-2 inches) will extend
    across eastern TX-AR-southern MO-IL-southern lower MI. Poor lapse
    rates will be noted along this corridor, but modest instability and
    adequate 0-6km shear suggest a few robust storms could evolve that
    would pose at least some risk for gusty winds. Greatest risk for
    damaging winds will be during the afternoon when buoyancy will be
    its greatest.

    ..Darrow/Wendt.. 06/04/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jun 4 12:43:05 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 041243
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 041241

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0741 AM CDT Wed Jun 04 2025

    Valid 041300Z - 051200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM EASTERN NEW
    MEXICO INTO THE TX PANHANDLE...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms are possible later this afternoon into
    the evening across portions of the southern High Plains. Hail and
    wind are the primary concerns. Locally damaging winds may accompany
    convection that develops from the lower Great Lakes into eastern
    Texas.

    ...Synopsis...
    Upper troughing that currently extends across much of the western
    and central CONUS is forecast to remain in place throughout the day.
    Western periphery of expansive subtropical ridging will remain over
    the East Coast as well. Despite little change in the large-scale
    upper pattern, multiple shortwave troughs progressing within these
    larger features will contribute to convectively active day, with
    thunderstorms anticipated from the southern Great Basin and
    Southwest into the High Plains as well as from Lower MI into
    east/southeast TX. Numerous thunderstorms are anticipated from the
    northern Rockies into the northern Plains, and the Southeast and
    Florida as well.

    ...Southern Rockies into the southern High Plains...
    The showers and isolated thunderstorm ongoing across the region are
    expected to continue northeastward while weakening over the next
    several hours. Much of this region is currently under a cool and dry post-frontal regime, but southerly flow should return this
    afternoon, contributing to quick airmass modification ahead of a
    shortwave trough moving across the Southwest states. Showers and
    thunderstorms are anticipated ahead of this shortwave from the Four
    Corners eastward into the southern High Plains. The strongest storms
    are expected during the late afternoon/early evening across
    east-central NM, where the leading edge of the better low-level
    moisture return interacts with storms moving off the higher terrain
    of central NM ahead of the approaching shortwave trough.

    Enhanced mid-level flow will extend through this region as well,
    resulting in environmental conditions supportive of supercells.
    Large hail is favored initially, but high cloud bases and strong
    outflow will likely result in a transition to a more linear/bowing
    mode tonight. Despite nocturnal cooling and resultant low-level
    stabilization, some strong gusts are still possible as these storms
    continue into the western TX Panhandle this evening and tonight. A low-probability tornado threat exists as these storms move towards
    the TX Panhandle, where better low-level moisture and stronger
    southeasterly winds are possible. However, the anticipated linear
    storm mode and stabilizing nocturnal cooling should keep the tornado
    threat low.

    ...Lower MI southward through the OH Valley and Ozarks into East
    TX...
    A weakening cold front currently extends from northern Lower MI into
    central TX. Much of this front is expected to make modest eastward/southeastward progress throughout the day, before becoming increasingly stationary tonight. A moist airmass precedes this
    front, and afternoon dewpoints from the mid 60s to low 70s will
    support moderate buoyancy and scattered to numerous thunderstorms.
    Moderate 0-6 km (i.e. 30-35 kt) shear suggests a few robust storms
    could evolve that would pose at least some risk for gusty winds.
    Greatest risk for damaging winds will be during the afternoon when
    buoyancy is maximized.

    ..Mosier/Broyles.. 06/04/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jun 4 16:31:43 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 041631
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 041629

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1129 AM CDT Wed Jun 04 2025

    Valid 041630Z - 051200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM EASTERN NEW
    MEXICO INTO THE TEXAS PANHANDLE...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms are possible this afternoon into the
    evening across portions of the southern High Plains. Large hail and
    severe wind gusts are the primary concerns. Locally damaging winds
    may accompany convection that develops from the southern Great Lakes
    into eastern Texas.

    ...Southern Rockies into the Southern High Plains...
    Morning water-vapor imagery depicts a southern-stream midlevel
    shortwave trough moving eastward across AZ, which is accompanied by
    a 40-kt speed maximum in its base. Modest large-scale ascent
    preceding this feature will promote scattered thunderstorm
    development from the Southwest into the southern Rockies this
    afternoon (within the steepening low-level lapse rate plume), which
    will eventually spread eastward into the southern High Plains this
    evening. A modest uptick in storm intensity/organization is possible
    as storms move into east-central NM and eventually the TX Panhandle,
    given an elongated/straight hodograph (40-50 kt of effective shear)
    and steepening deep-layer lapse rates amid recycled boundary-layer
    moisture. A few organized clusters and supercell structures will be
    capable of producing large hail and locally severe wind gusts.

    Farther south over the TX Trans-Pecos, lingering inhibition and
    weaker large-scale ascent cast uncertainty on storm
    development/coverage, though isolated large hail and severe gusts
    will be possible with any storms that can evolve over the higher
    terrain this afternoon -- aided by moderate surface-based
    instability and around 50 kt of effective shear.

    ...Southern Great Lakes southward through the OH Valley and Ozarks
    into East Texas...
    A quasi-stationary cold front is draped from Lake Huron
    southwestward across the Ozarks into East TX. From roughly the
    Ozarks northeastward to eastern Lower MI, VWP data indicates a belt
    of 40-55-kt midlevel southwesterly flow, which will gradually shift northeastward into this evening. While 12Z regional soundings
    sampled poor midlevel lapse rates through this corridor,
    differential heating amid lower/middle 60s dewpoints ahead of the
    front and related convection will contribute to a weakly unstable
    air mass. This, combined with 40-50 kt of effective shear, will
    support loosely organized clusters (and perhaps transient/embedded
    supercell structures) capable of locally damaging wind gusts this
    afternoon. While a more-focused corridor of wind-damage potential is
    possible over southeast Lower MI into northeast IN, a lack of
    large-scale ascent, weak instability/lapse rates, and front-parallel
    deep-layer flow/shear limits confidence in this scenario --
    precluding an upgrade to 15-percent wind probabilities at this time.

    Farther south into East TX, diurnal heating of fully modified Gulf
    moisture (middle 70s dewpoints) will result in stronger buoyancy,
    though deep-layer shear will be weaker here. As a result, locally
    severe gusts will be possible with predominantly outflow-dominant
    convection this afternoon.

    ..Weinman.. 06/04/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jun 4 19:40:44 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 041940
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 041939

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0239 PM CDT Wed Jun 04 2025

    Valid 042000Z - 051200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM EASTERN NEW
    MEXICO INTO THE TEXAS PANHANDLE...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms are possible this afternoon into the
    evening across portions of the southern High Plains. Large hail and
    severe wind gusts are the primary concerns. Locally damaging winds
    may accompany convection that develops from the southern Great Lakes
    into eastern Texas.

    ...20z Update...
    The previous forecast largely remains on track with only minor
    adjustments needed, which were mainly adjusting risk probabilities
    behind the cold front across eastern TX and ahead of developing
    convection across parts of the Midwest. For additional details
    regarding short-term trends across New Mexico, east Texas, and parts
    of the mid-MS River Valley, see MCD #1110, #1111, and #1112
    respectively.

    ..Moore.. 06/04/2025

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1129 AM CDT Wed Jun 04 2025/

    ...Southern Rockies into the Southern High Plains...
    Morning water-vapor imagery depicts a southern-stream midlevel
    shortwave trough moving eastward across AZ, which is accompanied by
    a 40-kt speed maximum in its base. Modest large-scale ascent
    preceding this feature will promote scattered thunderstorm
    development from the Southwest into the southern Rockies this
    afternoon (within the steepening low-level lapse rate plume), which
    will eventually spread eastward into the southern High Plains this
    evening. A modest uptick in storm intensity/organization is possible
    as storms move into east-central NM and eventually the TX Panhandle,
    given an elongated/straight hodograph (40-50 kt of effective shear)
    and steepening deep-layer lapse rates amid recycled boundary-layer
    moisture. A few organized clusters and supercell structures will be
    capable of producing large hail and locally severe wind gusts.

    Farther south over the TX Trans-Pecos, lingering inhibition and
    weaker large-scale ascent cast uncertainty on storm
    development/coverage, though isolated large hail and severe gusts
    will be possible with any storms that can evolve over the higher
    terrain this afternoon -- aided by moderate surface-based
    instability and around 50 kt of effective shear.

    ...Southern Great Lakes southward through the OH Valley and Ozarks
    into East Texas...
    A quasi-stationary cold front is draped from Lake Huron
    southwestward across the Ozarks into East TX. From roughly the
    Ozarks northeastward to eastern Lower MI, VWP data indicates a belt
    of 40-55-kt midlevel southwesterly flow, which will gradually shift northeastward into this evening. While 12Z regional soundings
    sampled poor midlevel lapse rates through this corridor,
    differential heating amid lower/middle 60s dewpoints ahead of the
    front and related convection will contribute to a weakly unstable
    air mass. This, combined with 40-50 kt of effective shear, will
    support loosely organized clusters (and perhaps transient/embedded
    supercell structures) capable of locally damaging wind gusts this
    afternoon. While a more-focused corridor of wind-damage potential is
    possible over southeast Lower MI into northeast IN, a lack of
    large-scale ascent, weak instability/lapse rates, and front-parallel
    deep-layer flow/shear limits confidence in this scenario --
    precluding an upgrade to 15-percent wind probabilities at this time.

    Farther south into East TX, diurnal heating of fully modified Gulf
    moisture (middle 70s dewpoints) will result in stronger buoyancy,
    though deep-layer shear will be weaker here. As a result, locally
    severe gusts will be possible with predominantly outflow-dominant
    convection this afternoon.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jun 5 00:34:37 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 050034
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 050033

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0733 PM CDT Wed Jun 04 2025

    Valid 050100Z - 051200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms are expected this evening across
    portions of the southern High Plains. Large hail and severe wind
    gusts are the primary concerns.

    ...01z Update...

    Upper low that was located over the northern Baja Peninsula early
    this morning has deamplified and quickly sheared northeast as it
    tracks into western NM. Large-scale ascent ahead of this feature
    appears to be aiding several thunderstorm clusters along the Sangre
    de Cristo range, and more isolated activity now across the high
    Plains of northeast NM. ICECHIP sounding from TCC earlier this
    afternoon exhibited strong, deep-layer shear (50kt through 6km),
    with substantial veering in the lowest 1km. While buoyancy is not
    particularly strong on 00z sounding from AMA, wind profiles favor
    supercells and this activity should spread across northeast NM
    toward the southern TX Panhandle later this evening. Some longevity
    is expected as a LLJ is expected to increase across the High Plains
    after sunset. Hail and wind are the primary concerns.

    ..Darrow.. 06/05/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jun 5 05:49:50 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 050549
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 050547

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1247 AM CDT Thu Jun 05 2025

    Valid 051200Z - 061200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are expected across the High Plains
    from southwestern Kansas into west Texas. A few tornadoes, large to
    isolated very large hail, and severe gusts are possible.

    ...Central/Southern High Plains...

    Large-scale pattern is not forecast to change appreciably during the
    day1 period as broad upper ridging holds across northeast Mexico
    into the lower MS Valley. Along the northern periphery of this
    feature, a few weak disturbances are forecast to translate across
    the southwestern U.S. into the southern/central High Plains region.
    Each of these features should encourage potentially robust, deep
    convection.

    Early this morning, a notable MCS has evolved over the TX Panhandle.
    This complex has been partly aided by a low-amplitude short-wave
    trough that will translate into eastern KS/OK later today. While
    this convection is currently well-organized, with time this activity
    should gradually weaken downstream over western OK/northwest TX. Of
    potential concern will be the influence on boundary-layer stability
    and the position of convective outflow boundaries. If the MCS
    continues as currently anticipated, a possible demarcation in
    buoyancy may extend across the TX South Plains into far eastern NM
    by peak heating. Remnant outflow will likely serve as the focus for
    robust convection later this afternoon as temperatures warm into the
    mid 80s-lower 90s, west and south of the outflow. Forecast soundings
    along this corridor exhibit strong deep-layer shear and substantial
    0-3km SRH. Supercells should develop across the southern High Plains
    and very large hail may accompany these robust updrafts.
    Additionally, profiles appear favorable for tornadoes, especially if
    the aforementioned convective outflow maintains some identity.

    A secondary area of potential convective concentration will be
    across southeast CO into southwest KS. Models suggest strong
    boundary-layer heating will develop across northeast NM into the
    western OK Panhandle, just south of a secondary weak frontal zone
    that should drape itself across this region. Supercells should
    easily develop along this boundary then possibly grow upscale into a
    larger complex of storms as it spreads downstream along the KS/OK
    border after sunset. All hazards are possible with this activity,
    but any tornado threat will likely be concentrated with more
    isolated supercells early in the convective evolution.

    ...Elsewhere...

    High-PW plume currently stretches across the lower MS Valley-OH
    Valley-lower Great Lakes-southeast Canada. Scattered convection will
    readily develop along this corridor, juxtaposed along a weak frontal
    zone. Poor lapse rates should limit updraft strength, but some risk
    for an isolated severe wind gust does exist.

    ..Darrow/Wendt.. 06/05/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jun 5 12:49:12 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 051249
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 051247

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0747 AM CDT Thu Jun 05 2025

    Valid 051300Z - 061200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM FAR
    SOUTHEAST NM INTO THE TX SOUTH PLAINS...AND FROM FAR SOUTHEAST CO
    INTO SOUTHWEST KS AND THE OK PANHANDLE....

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are expected across the High Plains
    from southwestern Kansas into west Texas. A few tornadoes, large to
    isolated very large hail, and severe gusts are possible.

    ...Southern High Plains...
    A modest MCS has persisted through the early morning, moving from
    the TX Panhandle into northwest TX. This MCS will likely continue
    southeastward into more of north TX over the next several hours. The
    downstream airmass is forecast to become increasingly unstable amid
    daytime heating, suggesting there is some potential for this system
    to strengthen once heating commences in earnest. However, vertical
    shear will remain modest, likely limiting the overall organization
    and intensity of this system and keeping the severe potential low.

    A greater severe potential is anticipated in the vicinity of the
    outflow associated with this early morning MCS. This outflow
    currently extends from the MCS westward across the TX South Plains
    into southeast NM. Some continued southward progress of this
    boundary is likely over the next few hours before it stalls. There
    is some potential for this boundary to then move back northward as
    an effective warm front during the late afternoon, but this depends
    on the coverage of any morning/early afternoon storms to its north.
    Given the mesoscale nature of that evolution, uncertainty is high on
    where this boundary will be by this afternoon. Even so, the general
    expectation is that this outflow will likely serve as the focus for
    robust convection later this afternoon as temperatures warm into the
    mid 80s-lower 90s, west and south of the outflow.

    Strong buoyancy is anticipated across much of this region,
    particularly south of the outflow boundary where the highest
    temperatures and dewpoints are anticipated. Southeasterly low-level
    flow beneath the enhanced westerlies aloft will result in long
    hodographs with moderate to strong low-level veering. These
    environmental conditions will be very supportive of discrete
    supercells capable of all severe hazards, including very large hail,
    severe wind gusts, and tornadoes. Hail probabilities were increased
    across far southeast NM into the TX South Plains where the highest
    supercell coverage is anticipated. There could be a corridor of
    higher tornado potential along the outflow boundary, but uncertainty
    on its location precludes introducing any high probabilities with
    this outlook.

    A discrete cell or two could also develop north of the outflow along
    a sharpening lee trough over eastern NM. Buoyancy will be slightly
    lower than areas farther south, but similar kinematic profiles will
    still support supercells capable of all severe hazards.

    ...Central High Plains into KS and OK...
    A second severe area is possible today from the central High Plains
    downstream into KS and OK. A subtle shortwave trough is expected to
    move within the southwesterly flow aloft, contributing to
    thunderstorm development across the high terrain and its movement
    off the terrain during the early evening. Northward-advecting
    low-level moisture will result in a east-west oriented warm front
    from southeast CO into southern KS. The storms coming off the
    terrain will likely interact with this boundary, with in-situ
    development likely along this boundary as well. Environmental
    conditions favor supercells along this boundary, with the
    interactions contributing to upscale growth into a larger complex of
    storms that spreads downstream along the KS/OK. Very large hail and
    tornadoes are possible with any early, more discrete storms before
    upscale growth and a transition to damaging gusts as the primary
    hazard.

    ...Mid MS Valley through the OH Valley into the Northeast...
    High-PW airmass currently stretches from the Mid MS Valley through
    the OH Valley into the lower Great Lakes/southeast Canada. Scattered
    convection will readily develop along this corridor, juxtaposed
    along a weak frontal zone. Poor lapse rates should limit updraft
    strength and vertical shear will be weak, but some risk for isolated water-loaded downbursts capable of damaging gusts does exist.

    ..Mosier/Broyles.. 06/05/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jun 5 16:33:12 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 051632
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 051630

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1130 AM CDT Thu Jun 05 2025

    Valid 051630Z - 061200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL PLAINS...

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PARTS OF THE NORTHEAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are expected across the southern and
    central Plains into tonight. Several tornadoes (some possibly
    strong), large to very large hail, and severe gusts are possible.
    Severe gusts are also possible over parts of the Northeast this
    afternoon.

    ...Southern High Plains...
    Morning surface analysis depicts a convectively reinforced
    quasi-stationary surface boundary extending across north-central TX
    westward through the TX South Plains to southeast/east-central NM.
    This boundary may have a tendency of moving slowly northward as a
    warm front over the High Plains later this afternoon -- in response
    to an approaching midlevel impulse and gradually deepening lee
    cyclone over southeast CO. Along/immediately south of this boundary
    (over the TX South Plains), deep/rich boundary-layer moisture (upper
    60s/lower 70s dewpoints) is in place, with impressive moisture
    sampled by the 12Z MAF sounding (15.8 g/kg mean mixing ratio).
    Persistent cloud coverage will tend to shelter this moisture from
    diurnally driven boundary-layer mixing through the afternoon, while
    heating in cloud breaks will still yield strong surface-based
    instability (upwards of 3000 J/kg MLCAPE). As a low-amplitude
    impulse and related jet streak advance east-northeastward across the
    central High Plains, peripheral large-scale ascent will aid in
    scattered thunderstorm development across east-central/southeast NM
    into the TX South Plains -- focused near the intersection of the northward-moving warm front and lee trough. Around 50-60 kt of
    effective shear and the modest large-scale ascent will favor
    discrete supercells, initially posing a risk of very large hail.
    However, a strengthening evening low-level jet atop the backed
    low-level flow near the boundary will support enlarging clockwise
    hodographs (300+ m2/s2 effective SRH). Given the deep/rich moisture
    and enhanced helicity, a focused corridor for tornadoes (some
    possibly strong) is evident over the TX South Plains -- where
    10-percent tornado probabilities were added. Localized upscale
    growth into organized clusters is expected into western North Texas
    this evening, where a swath of severe wind is possible.

    Father south from the TX South Plains to parts of the TX Trans-Pecos
    vicinity, deep boundary-layer mixing amid lower/middle 60s dewpoints
    will contribute to moderate-strong surface-based instability, with a
    long (albeit straighter) hodograph away from the surface boundary.
    This will also support intense discrete/semi-discrete supercells,
    though the primary concern here will be very large hail (possibly 3+
    inches).

    ...Central High Plains into the southern Plains...
    In the left-exit region of a 40-50-kt midlevel jet streak impinging
    on the central High Plains, thunderstorm development is expected
    ahead of a gradually deepening lee cyclone over southeastern CO this
    afternoon. Diurnal heating (within cloud breaks) of a moist air mass
    (lower 60s dewpoints) will yield moderate surface-based instability
    ahead of developing storms. Given around 50 kt of effective shear (characterized by a long/generally straight hodograph), several
    semi-discrete supercell clusters are expected. Large hail and severe
    wind gusts are expected, though the rich/sheltered boundary-layer
    moisture and sufficient low-level streamwise vorticity for
    established right-mover cells will support a couple tornadoes as
    well. With time, storms will spread east-southeastward into
    northwest OK -- where upscale growth into an MCS seems increasingly
    likely. This will favor an increased risk of a swath of severe wind
    gusts into the overnight hours.

    ...Northeast...
    Widely scattered thunderstorms are expected along/ahead of a cold
    front draped across the region this afternoon. Visible satellite
    imagery shows a moist/destabilizing air mass ahead of the front,
    where moderate surface-based instability is expected. The warm/moist
    air mass, combined with around 30 kt of effective shear, should
    promote a few loosely organized clusters capable of producing wind
    damage -- aided by the steepening boundary-layer lapse rates.

    ..Weinman/Smith.. 06/05/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jun 5 19:57:45 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 051956
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 051954

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0254 PM CDT Thu Jun 05 2025

    Valid 052000Z - 061200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL PLAINS...

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PARTS OF THE NORTHEAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are expected across the southern and
    central Plains into tonight. Several tornadoes (some possibly
    strong), large to very large hail, and severe gusts are possible.
    Severe gusts are also possible over parts of the Northeast this
    afternoon.

    ...20z Update...
    The previous forecast largely remains on track with only some
    adjustments needed. The primary change was an expansion of 15%
    hail/wind probabilities east of the Front Range in CO where deep
    convection is beginning to develop. Recent guidance continues to
    display a dry bias across eastern CO where dewpoints have increased
    to the low to mid 50s. Consequently, buoyancy is considerably higher
    than previously anticipated by morning model solutions, which should
    increase the potential for robust/severe thunderstorms as convection
    begins to develop along subtle low-level confluence axes. See MCD
    #1123 for additional near-term details.

    A cold pool associated with a convective cluster across western OK
    casts some uncertainty regarding the evolution of the convective
    environment downstream of maturing storms over southeast CO later
    this afternoon/evening. However, heating to the south of the cold
    pool may yield a focused boundary for convective
    development/propagation later tonight amid a modest strengthening of
    southerly low-level flow around/after 00 UTC. Recent HRRR/RRFS
    solutions appear to capture the ongoing trends well and continue to
    suggest a well-organized cluster/MCS will emerge out of southwest KS
    into the recovering air mass across northwest OK later tonight. As
    such, risk probabilities are maintained.

    Further south across western TX, the psuedo warm front/outflow
    boundary is becoming increasingly apparent in GOES visible imagery.
    A few initial attempts at convective initiation are noted along this
    boundary with sustained convection becoming more probable through
    mid-afternoon as residual capping continues to erode (evident by
    dissipating billow clouds). The expectation is that the tornado
    threat will likely be maximized along this boundary through the
    evening hours given enhanced low-level SRH and the potential for
    long storm residence times. The 10% tornado risk area has been
    adjusted to account for this potential.

    Elsewhere, the forecast largely remains on track. See MCDs 1118,
    1121, 1122, 1123, 1124, and 1125 for additional near-term details.

    ..Moore.. 06/05/2025

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1130 AM CDT Thu Jun 05 2025/

    ...Southern High Plains...
    Morning surface analysis depicts a convectively reinforced
    quasi-stationary surface boundary extending across north-central TX
    westward through the TX South Plains to southeast/east-central NM.
    This boundary may have a tendency of moving slowly northward as a
    warm front over the High Plains later this afternoon -- in response
    to an approaching midlevel impulse and gradually deepening lee
    cyclone over southeast CO. Along/immediately south of this boundary
    (over the TX South Plains), deep/rich boundary-layer moisture (upper
    60s/lower 70s dewpoints) is in place, with impressive moisture
    sampled by the 12Z MAF sounding (15.8 g/kg mean mixing ratio).
    Persistent cloud coverage will tend to shelter this moisture from
    diurnally driven boundary-layer mixing through the afternoon, while
    heating in cloud breaks will still yield strong surface-based
    instability (upwards of 3000 J/kg MLCAPE). As a low-amplitude
    impulse and related jet streak advance east-northeastward across the
    central High Plains, peripheral large-scale ascent will aid in
    scattered thunderstorm development across east-central/southeast NM
    into the TX South Plains -- focused near the intersection of the northward-moving warm front and lee trough. Around 50-60 kt of
    effective shear and the modest large-scale ascent will favor
    discrete supercells, initially posing a risk of very large hail.
    However, a strengthening evening low-level jet atop the backed
    low-level flow near the boundary will support enlarging clockwise
    hodographs (300+ m2/s2 effective SRH). Given the deep/rich moisture
    and enhanced helicity, a focused corridor for tornadoes (some
    possibly strong) is evident over the TX South Plains -- where
    10-percent tornado probabilities were added. Localized upscale
    growth into organized clusters is expected into western North Texas
    this evening, where a swath of severe wind is possible.

    Father south from the TX South Plains to parts of the TX Trans-Pecos
    vicinity, deep boundary-layer mixing amid lower/middle 60s dewpoints
    will contribute to moderate-strong surface-based instability, with a
    long (albeit straighter) hodograph away from the surface boundary.
    This will also support intense discrete/semi-discrete supercells,
    though the primary concern here will be very large hail (possibly 3+
    inches).

    ...Central High Plains into the southern Plains...
    In the left-exit region of a 40-50-kt midlevel jet streak impinging
    on the central High Plains, thunderstorm development is expected
    ahead of a gradually deepening lee cyclone over southeastern CO this
    afternoon. Diurnal heating (within cloud breaks) of a moist air mass
    (lower 60s dewpoints) will yield moderate surface-based instability
    ahead of developing storms. Given around 50 kt of effective shear (characterized by a long/generally straight hodograph), several
    semi-discrete supercell clusters are expected. Large hail and severe
    wind gusts are expected, though the rich/sheltered boundary-layer
    moisture and sufficient low-level streamwise vorticity for
    established right-mover cells will support a couple tornadoes as
    well. With time, storms will spread east-southeastward into
    northwest OK -- where upscale growth into an MCS seems increasingly
    likely. This will favor an increased risk of a swath of severe wind
    gusts into the overnight hours.

    ...Northeast...
    Widely scattered thunderstorms are expected along/ahead of a cold
    front draped across the region this afternoon. Visible satellite
    imagery shows a moist/destabilizing air mass ahead of the front,
    where moderate surface-based instability is expected. The warm/moist
    air mass, combined with around 30 kt of effective shear, should
    promote a few loosely organized clusters capable of producing wind
    damage -- aided by the steepening boundary-layer lapse rates.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Jun 6 01:01:12 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 060101
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 060059

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0759 PM CDT Thu Jun 05 2025

    Valid 060100Z - 061200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS...

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE NORTHEAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms will continue across the southern and
    central Plains tonight. Several tornadoes (some possibly strong),
    large to very large hail, and severe gusts are possible. Isolated
    severe gusts are also possible the next few hours over parts of the
    Northeast.

    ...01z Update...

    Early-evening satellite imagery suggests a weak short-wave trough is
    cresting an elongated southern-U.S. ridge over the High Plains. This
    feature is currently located over eastern CO/northeast NM and will
    approach the MO Ozark region by the end of the period. Partly in
    response to this feature, LLJ should increase ahead of the short
    wave over the next few hours across western OK into extreme southern
    KS. As a result, a corridor of increasing low-level warm advection
    is expected to focus along the KS/OK border and this should
    encourage significant convective development by mid evening. 00z
    sounding from AMA exhibited around 3000 J/kg SBCAPE with around 50kt
    0-6km shear and minimal CINH. This air mass will be drawn into the aforementioned warm-advection corridor and readily convect as the
    LLJ increases.

    Farther southwest, a cluster of supercells persists across the TX
    South Plains along the periphery of early-day rain-cooled boundary
    layer. LLJ is expected to aid this activity as it propagates
    east-southeast across northwest TX.

    Very large hail, along with a continued risk for tornadoes persists
    with this activity. If supercell mergers evolve into an MCS then
    damaging winds may become more common later this evening.

    ...Northeast...

    A small cluster of strong/severe thunderstorms continues across
    northeast PA into southern NY ahead of a weak short-wave trough.
    Latest radar data suggests a weak MCV may be evident over Tioga
    County PA, and this may encourage convection immediately downstream
    into Delaware County NY over the next few hours.

    ..Darrow.. 06/06/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Jun 6 05:46:11 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 060544
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 060543

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1243 AM CDT Fri Jun 06 2025

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS EXTENDING ACROSS
    THE TENNESSEE AND OHIO VALLEYS AND SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are expected across portions of the
    central and southern High Plains. Very large hail, damaging winds,
    and a tornado threat is anticipated. Isolated severe thunderstorms
    are also possible extending into the Tennessee/Ohio Valleys, and
    over parts of southern New England. Damaging winds are the primary
    concern in these areas.

    ...Central/Southern High Plains...

    Large-scale pattern will be slow to change through the day1 period
    and severe thunderstorms are once again expected to develop across
    the High Plains from eastern CO into the TX South Plains.

    An elongated zone of upper ridging will continue to dominate the
    southern U.S. from the Gulf States across southern TX into northeast
    Mexico. While, negligible height changes are anticipated along the
    northern periphery of this anticyclone, 40+kt west-southwesterly
    500mb flow will extend as far south as 34N across NM into the TX
    South Plains. Additionally, latest model guidance suggests
    convective temperatures will once again be breached along the
    western edge of a moist boundary layer that is entrenched across
    this region. The primary concern will be the influence of early-day
    convection and the prospect for rain-cooled boundary layer to shunt
    an outflow beyond current expectations. At this time it appears a
    pronounced boundary should extend across the TX South Plains into
    eastern NM. Supercells are expected to evolve along this wind shift
    then spread east, somewhat similar to the evolution Thursday
    afternoon/evening. Strong buoyancy and shear favor very large hail,
    and tornadoes are also a concern.

    Farther north, water-vapor imagery depicts a short-wave trough
    digging southeast across the northern inter mountain region. This
    feature will approach western CO by 07/00z and should advance into
    western KS by the end of the period. Scattered supercells are
    expected to develop within upslope flow across eastern CO ahead of
    this feature, then spread southeast during the evening. Large hail
    and tornadoes are possible early in the convective cycle, then a
    larger complex of storms may materialize along the KS/OK border as a
    LLJ focuses into this region late. If so, damaging wind threat
    should increase overnight.

    ...TN/OH Valleys...

    Early this morning a slow-moving cluster of storms was maturing
    along the KS/OK border. This activity should gradually spread
    east-southeast and will likely extend from southwest MO into eastern
    OK at the start of the period. While the MCS may weaken during the
    morning, renewed development along the leading edge of this activity
    is possibly by early afternoon. Damaging winds are the main concern.


    ...Southern New England...

    Seasonally high PW plume extends across the OH Valley into southern
    New England early this morning. Modest air mass destabilization is
    expected by mid day with an axis of 1000-2000 J/kg SBCAPE expected
    to extend across southern New England by 18z. While deep layer shear
    is not forecast to be that strong, adequate flow should exist for at
    least some organization. Locally damaging winds are the primary
    concern with storms that form along this instability axis.

    ..Darrow/Squitieri.. 06/06/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Jun 6 12:16:22 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 061216
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 061214

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0714 AM CDT Fri Jun 06 2025

    Valid 061300Z - 071200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS AFTERNOON
    AND EVENING OVER PARTS OF THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PORTIONS OF
    THE MID MS AND TN VALLEYS...AND OVER SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND....

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are expected across portions of the
    central and southern High Plains. Very large hail, damaging winds,
    and a tornado threat is anticipated. Isolated severe thunderstorms
    are also possible extending into the Tennessee/Ohio Valleys, and
    over parts of southern New England. Damaging winds are the primary
    concern in these areas.

    ...Mid MS and TN Valleys...
    Morning radar loop shows a mature quasi-linear MCS over eastern OK
    tracking into western AR. This system has produced sporadic severe
    wind reports overnight, and may continue to pose that risk for a few
    more hours. Some weakening is expected through late morning, with
    eventual rejuvenation of storms as they spread across parts of KY/TN
    and vicinity. Model guidance varies on extent of severe storm
    coverage. However, favorable westerly flow aloft, dewpoints in the
    70s, and pockets of strong daytime heating will encourage intense
    thunderstorm re-development.

    ...High Plains...
    The forecast scenario for today is similar to yesterday, with two
    areas of focus for severe thunderstorm activity. One is along the
    CO foothills, where moist/southeasterly low-level winds and
    moderately steep mid-level lapse rates will yield afternoon MLCAPE
    of 1000-2000 J/kg. Storms are expected to intensify by mid-late
    afternoon along the foothills and spread southeastward into the
    adjacent plains. Forecast soundings show generally straight-line
    hodographs, which will promote splitting supercells capable of very
    large hail and a few tornadoes. Activity may organize upscale
    during the evening over southwest KS and spread across OK overnight.


    Farther south, yesterday's and last night's convection has
    reinforced a surface outflow boundary which will extend across west
    TX. Similar to yesterday, intense supercells are expected to form
    in vicinity of this boundary during the late afternoon, posing
    another risk of very large hail and a few tornadoes.

    ..Southern New England...
    A plume of seasonally high PW values extends across the OH Valley
    into southern New England. Modest air mass destabilization is
    expected by mid day with an axis of 1000-2000 J/kg SBCAPE expected
    to extend across southern New England by 18z. While deep layer shear
    is not forecast to be that strong, adequate flow should exist for at
    least some organization. Locally damaging winds are the primary
    concern with storms that form along this instability axis.

    ..Hart/Bentley.. 06/06/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Jun 6 16:29:50 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 061629
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 061628

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1128 AM CDT Fri Jun 06 2025

    Valid 061630Z - 071200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS AFTERNOON
    AND EVENING OVER PARTS OF THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PORTIONS OF
    THE MID MS AND TN VALLEYS AND OVER SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are expected across portions of the
    central and southern High Plains. Very large hail, damaging winds,
    and a tornado threat is anticipated. Scattered severe thunderstorms
    and possibly a couple of tornadoes are also possible across parts of
    the mid Mississippi Valley and into the Tennessee/Ohio Valleys.

    ...Mid MS and TN Valleys...
    Late morning radar mosaic shows a decaying MCS over southern MO and
    AR. An MCV will move eastward this afternoon and diurnal
    destabilization of a very moist airmass near the MS/OH River
    confluence and Mid South will promote scattered storm development by
    early to mid afternoon. Enlarged hodographs imply a supercell
    tornado risk may develop from southeast MO eastward into KY/TN this
    afternoon and early evening. Farther south, widely scattered to
    scattered thunderstorms are forecast as convective inhibition erodes
    by early to mid afternoon to the east of the residual gust front.
    Forecast soundings show PW near 2 inches and 2000-3000 J/kg MLCAPE
    from AR into the northern half of MS/AL/GA. The southern fringe of
    stronger westerlies will promote multicell organization with the
    stronger storms and a hail/wind risk with some of these storms
    through the early evening.

    ...High Plains...
    Little change was made to the prior forecast. Two primary corridors
    for severe activity are apparent in model guidance---1) CO I-25
    corridor and areas southeastward into portions of southwest KS/OK
    Panhandle and eventually the OK vicinity late tonight, and 2) in the
    vicinity of trailing outflow that will modify over portions of
    northwest/west TX and eastern NM. In eastern CO, moist upslope flow
    will contribute to upper 40s to lower 50s dewpoints near the
    foothills beneath a belt of strong westerly mid to high-level flow.
    Steep lapse rates and elongated hodographs will favor supercells
    with a risk for a couple of tornadoes, large to very large hail, and
    eventually a transition to a cluster becoming predominately a wind
    threat late.

    Farther south, intense supercells are expected to form in vicinity
    of this boundary during the late afternoon, posing another risk of
    very large hail and a few tornadoes. Some signal in model guidance
    shows a cluster of storms persisting into the late evening as storms
    move east of the Caprock and into northwest TX before gradually
    diminishing late.

    ..Southern New England...
    Heating of a seasonably moist boundary layer is underway from the
    Hudson Valley eastward to the coast. Scattered storms are forecast
    to develop this afternoon with strong to severe multicells possible.
    A damaging wind/localize hail risk may accompany the stronger
    storms. For short-term details, reference MCD #1145.

    ..Smith/Thornton.. 06/06/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Jun 6 20:01:19 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 062001
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 061959

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0259 PM CDT Fri Jun 06 2025

    Valid 062000Z - 071200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS AFTERNOON
    AND EVENING OVER PARTS OF THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PORTIONS OF
    THE MID MS AND TN VALLEYS AND OVER SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are expected across portions of the
    central and southern High Plains. Very large hail, damaging winds,
    and a tornado threat is anticipated. Scattered severe thunderstorms
    and possibly a couple of tornadoes are also possible across parts of
    the mid Mississippi Valley and into the Tennessee/Ohio Valleys.

    ...20z Update...
    Few changes needed with this update cycle as forecast remains on
    track per latest observational/short-term guidance. Made some upward
    risk adjustments southward across parts of the Oklahoma/Texas
    Panhandles favoring the current instability gradient and expected
    storm development across this corridor into this evening.

    ..Guyer.. 06/06/2025

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1128 AM CDT Fri Jun 06 2025/

    ...Mid MS and TN Valleys...
    Late morning radar mosaic shows a decaying MCS over southern MO and
    AR. An MCV will move eastward this afternoon and diurnal
    destabilization of a very moist airmass near the MS/OH River
    confluence and Mid South will promote scattered storm development by
    early to mid afternoon. Enlarged hodographs imply a supercell
    tornado risk may develop from southeast MO eastward into KY/TN this
    afternoon and early evening. Farther south, widely scattered to
    scattered thunderstorms are forecast as convective inhibition erodes
    by early to mid afternoon to the east of the residual gust front.
    Forecast soundings show PW near 2 inches and 2000-3000 J/kg MLCAPE
    from AR into the northern half of MS/AL/GA. The southern fringe of
    stronger westerlies will promote multicell organization with the
    stronger storms and a hail/wind risk with some of these storms
    through the early evening.

    ...High Plains...
    Little change was made to the prior forecast. Two primary corridors
    for severe activity are apparent in model guidance---1) CO I-25
    corridor and areas southeastward into portions of southwest KS/OK
    Panhandle and eventually the OK vicinity late tonight, and 2) in the
    vicinity of trailing outflow that will modify over portions of
    northwest/west TX and eastern NM. In eastern CO, moist upslope flow
    will contribute to upper 40s to lower 50s dewpoints near the
    foothills beneath a belt of strong westerly mid to high-level flow.
    Steep lapse rates and elongated hodographs will favor supercells
    with a risk for a couple of tornadoes, large to very large hail, and
    eventually a transition to a cluster becoming predominately a wind
    threat late.

    Farther south, intense supercells are expected to form in vicinity
    of this boundary during the late afternoon, posing another risk of
    very large hail and a few tornadoes. Some signal in model guidance
    shows a cluster of storms persisting into the late evening as storms
    move east of the Caprock and into northwest TX before gradually
    diminishing late.

    ..Southern New England...
    Heating of a seasonably moist boundary layer is underway from the
    Hudson Valley eastward to the coast. Scattered storms are forecast
    to develop this afternoon with strong to severe multicells possible.
    A damaging wind/localize hail risk may accompany the stronger
    storms. For short-term details, reference MCD #1145.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jun 7 01:03:57 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 070102
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 070101

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0801 PM CDT Fri Jun 06 2025

    Valid 070100Z - 071200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS EVENING
    THROUGH TONIGHT ACROSS PARTS OF SOUTHEASTERN COLORADO...THE NORTHERN
    TEXAS PANHANDLE...SOUTHWESTERN KANSAS...NORTHWESTERN INTO CENTRAL
    OKLAHOMA AND PARTS OF THE TEXAS SOUTH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few supercells and one or two organizing clusters of thunderstorms
    are expected to impact a corridor extending from southeastern
    Colorado into central Oklahoma this evening into the overnight
    hours, posing a risk for large hail and strong, potentially damaging
    wind gusts. A cluster of supercells may also continue to impact
    parts of the Texas South Plains through mid to late evening.

    ...01Z Update...
    Within weak surface troughing to the lee of the southern Rockies, a
    seasonably moist and heated boundary-layer has become characterized
    by moderate to large CAPE, in the presence of modestly steep lower/mid-tropospheric lapse rates. Beneath seasonably strong west-southwesterly mid/upper flow to the north of flat/low-amplitude subtropical ridging, this has contributed to an environment
    supportive of scattered supercell development, which remains ongoing
    as of 01Z.

    A clustering of supercells currently centered near/east of Lubbock
    appears aided by forcing for ascent associated with a short wave
    perturbation of subtropical eastern Pacific origins, which is
    forecast to progress into and through the Red River Valley
    overnight. Near the southern fringe of the stronger westerlies,
    westerly deep-layer ambient mean flow appears on the order of 20-25
    kt, supporting rather modest storm motions. Although modest
    strengthening of a nocturnal southerly low-level jet could
    potentially maintain and enhance convective development, aided by
    forcing for ascent associated with low-level level warm advection,
    this will have to overcome increasing inhibition associated with
    slow boundary layer cooling beneath warm air in lower/mid-levels.
    So, the extent to which convection may persist and perhaps grow
    upscale and pose a continuing severe risk into the Red River Valley
    overnight remains unclear.

    There remains a more notable signal within model output that forcing
    for ascent, associated with mid-level troughing digging across and
    southeast of the Front Range, will contribute to a substantive
    increase in thunderstorm development, within a corridor extending
    from southeastern Colorado across and east south of central Oklahoma
    by late tonight. This is forecast to become focused within
    low-level warm advection on the northern periphery of warmer air
    around 700 mb (roughly depicting the northern edge of the stronger
    capping elevated mixed-layer air). It appears that this development
    may be preceded by a couple of long-lived southeastward propagating
    supercells, which are already ongoing and may be sustained by
    continuing low-level updraft inflow of moist boundary-layer air
    characterized by CAPE up to 3000 J/kg.

    This instability extends along/south of a remnant low-level
    baroclinic zone across the Texas Panhandle through central Oklahoma.
    As the upscale growing convection acquires increasing inflow of
    this air mass, it may undergo increasing organization and potential
    to produce swaths of potentially damaging wind gusts.

    ..Kerr.. 06/07/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jun 7 05:48:24 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 070548
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 070547

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1247 AM CDT Sat Jun 07 2025

    Valid 071200Z - 081200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS TODAY INTO
    TONIGHT ACROSS PARTS OF EASTERN OKLAHOMA...CENTRAL
    ARKANSAS...SOUTHERN TENNESSEE...NORTHERN MISSISSIPPI...NORTHERN ALABAMA...NORTHERN GEORGIA...AND AN ADJACENT PORTION OF WESTERN
    NORTH CAROLINA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    One or more organized clusters of thunderstorms may evolve and
    overspread a corridor from the southeastern Great Plains through
    parts of the Tennessee Valley and northern Gulf Coast states today
    into tonight, potentially producing swaths of damaging wind gusts.

    ...Discussion...
    Models indicate that the westerlies emanating from the northern
    mid-latitude Pacific will amplify inland of the British Columbia and
    Pacific Northwest coast during this period. This is likely to
    include building mid-level ridging pivoting from a negative to
    positive tilt while shifting inland across the Canadian Rockies,
    ahead of inland progressing upstream troughing. Downstream, a
    notable mid-level trough is forecast to dig southeast of the
    Canadian Prairies toward the northern Great Plains and Upper Midwest
    vicinity, accompanied by a developing cyclone and a couple of
    reinforcing cool surges, as far southeast as the Upper Midwest
    through central Great Plains by 12Z Sunday.

    As this occurs, models indicate that more modest mid-level
    troughing, now digging to the southeast of the Front Range, will
    accelerate eastward through the middle Mississippi and Ohio Valleys
    today through tonight. It appears that this will contribute to
    amplifying cyclonic flow as far south as the Gulf Coast states,
    where subtropical ridging will become suppressed. In lower-levels,
    a diffuse frontal zone extending from the southern Mid Atlantic into
    south central Great Plains will tend to shift southward as well,
    probably becoming reinforced or preceded by increasingly extensive
    convective outflow.

    ...Southeastern Great Plains into Southeast...
    Forcing for ascent downstream of the mid-level troughing digging to
    the lee of the Front Range is contributing to increasing vigorous
    thunderstorm development along the frontal zone across the south
    central Great Plains. It appears that low-level updraft inflow of
    seasonably moist air characterized by moderate to large CAPE, in the
    presence of modestly steep lapse rates, will maintain activity
    eastward across northern/central Oklahoma through daybreak. In the
    presence of strong deep-layer shear, beneath a prominent westerly
    mid/upper jet, further organization and consolidation appears
    probable, accompanied by increasing strong to severe surface gusts.

    It seems probable that this will continue beyond daybreak across
    central Arkansas, where/when daytime heating of a seasonably moist boundary-layer ahead of the convection may contribute to its
    maintenance and perhaps re-intensification. Based on latest model
    output, it remains unclear whether the coupling of forcing for
    ascent and destabilization will maintain activity as far east as
    areas near/south of the southern Appalachians, or whether initial
    activity will eventually weaken, with renewed development eventually
    occurring upstream along its trailing outflow, aided by low-level
    warm advection. Regardless, there appears potential for one or more
    organizing clusters to produce swaths of strong to severe surface
    gusts.

    ...Southern Great Plains...
    Moderate to strong potential instability is likely to again develop
    with daytime heating along a remnant baroclinic zone to the lee of
    the southern Rockies into Red River vicinity, and an evolving
    dryline to its south, across west Texas. It is possible severe
    probabilities may need to be increased, once uncertainties due to
    mid-level inhibition and lack of more prominent forcing for ascent
    clear.

    ...Northern Great Plains...
    It still appears that destabilization ahead of the southeastward
    advancing cold front will remain rather modest, but forcing for
    ascent and shear ahead of the vigorous digging mid-level trough may
    contribute to a couple of strong storms potentially capable of
    producing marginally severe hail and wind.

    ..Kerr/Squitieri.. 06/07/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jun 7 12:06:25 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 071206
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 071204

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0704 AM CDT Sat Jun 07 2025

    Valid 071300Z - 081200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS TODAY INTO
    TONIGHT ACROSS PARTS OF EASTERN OKLAHOMA...CENTRAL
    ARKANSAS...SOUTHERN TENNESSEE...NORTHERN MISSISSIPPI...NORTHERN ALABAMA...NORTHERN GEORGIA...AND AN ADJACENT PORTION OF WESTERN
    NORTH CAROLINA......

    ...SUMMARY...
    One or more organized clusters of thunderstorms are expected across
    a corridor from the southeastern Great Plains through parts of the
    Tennessee Valley and northern Gulf Coast states today into tonight,
    potentially producing swaths of damaging wind gusts.

    ...AR across TN Valley...
    Latest radar loops show a persistent line of strong/severe
    thunderstorms over northwest AR and eastern OK. These storms are
    associated with a mid-level speed max emanating from KS, and have
    become well-organized overnight. It appears likely that these
    storms will maintain their linear organization through the afternoon
    and spread eastward across the TN Valley and central Gulf coast
    states, posing a risk of damaging winds and perhaps a tornado or
    two.

    Surrounding the ENH risk, strong CAPE and sufficient westerly flow
    aloft will lead to widely scattered thunderstorm development with
    some low threat of damaging wind gusts this afternoon and evening.

    ...Southeast OK/north TX this afternoon...
    In the wake of the morning linear MCS, an outflow boundary is
    expected to stretch across southern OK and north TX. Cam guidance
    is not particularly bullish on re-development of afternoon
    thunderstorms along this boundary, but sufficient winds aloft and
    ample CAPE will result in a conditional risk of hail and damaging
    wind in any storms that can form.

    ...West TX...
    Most CAM solutions show the development of widely scattered
    thunderstorms this evening. Current guidance suggests any storms
    that form will be sufficiently sparse that low severe probabilities
    will suffice. However, an upgrade to SLGT could be required if 12z
    guidance begins to indicate a greater confidence in storm coverage.

    ...MO...
    A cluster of afternoon thunderstorms is expected to form over
    northwest MO and track eastward across the state. These storms are
    expected to be near the axis on an approaching mid-level trough.
    Despite rather weak CAPE, winds aloft and lapse rates appear
    sufficiently favorable for some risk of a few strong storms capable
    of hail and gusty winds.

    ..Hart/Bentley.. 06/07/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jun 7 16:33:52 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 071632
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 071630

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1130 AM CDT Sat Jun 07 2025

    Valid 071630Z - 081200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS
    AFTERNOON/EVENING FROM NORTHERN MISSISSIPPI TO NORTH GEORGIA...

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHEAST AND THE SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    An organized/bowing line of storms will move across northern Mississippi/Alabama/Georgia through this evening with the potential
    for corridors of wind damage. Other areas of severe storms will be
    possible in the wake of this morning's storms from Mississippi
    westward to north Texas, and across parts of west Texas and the
    southern High Plains.

    ...Mid-South into the Southeast through tonight...
    Ahead of a midlevel shortwave trough over the lower MO Valley, an
    MCS and associated MCV are moving eastward across the Mid-South.
    Per modified 12z soundings, as surface temperatures warm into the
    80s, MLCAPE will exceed 2000 J/kg in an environment with sufficient
    downdraft potential and low-midlevel vertical shear to maintain a
    wind-damage threat through the afternoon from northern MS/adjacent
    TN across AL to GA. Please see MD 1175 for additional short-term
    details. Otherwise, the MCS is expected to weaken late this
    evening/early tonight while moving into SC.

    In the wake of the morning convection, some additional storm
    development will be possible along the trailing outflow/effective
    front from north TX across southern AR into MS/AL. The specific
    corridor will depend on the southern extent of the outflow
    progression with today's MCS, but some hail/wind threat will be
    possible later this afternoon into tonight.

    ...Northeast NM into the northern TX Panhandle this evening...
    Low-level flow will become upslope this afternoon, when surface
    heating and low-level moisture could be sufficient for isolated
    thunderstorm development near the Raton Mesa in far northeast NM.
    There is the potential for a sustained supercell to emerge from
    initially high-based convection, and then move southeastward into
    the northwest TX Panhandle this evening. Moderate buoyancy (MLCAPE
    of 1000-1500 J/kg), relatively straight hodographs with effective
    bulk shear near or above 40 kt and midlevel lapse rates of 7-8 C/km
    will support the primary threats of large hail and strong-severe
    outflow gusts for a few hours this evening.

    ...Permian Basin this afternoon/evening...
    The 12z MAF sounding revealed a warm elevated mixed layer and a
    strong cap. Surface heating/mixing along and south of an outflow
    boundary could be sufficient to support isolated thunderstorm
    development later this afternoon/evening, though confidence is low.
    If storms form, the environment will support splitting supercells
    capable of producing isolated large hail and damaging outflow gusts
    for a few hours this evening. This area will be re-evaluated for a
    possible upgrade at 20z.

    ...Mid MS/lower OH Valleys this afternoon/evening...
    As the midlevel shortwave trough progresses east-southeastward from
    northwest MO vicinity as of mid morning, there will be the potential
    for a short arc of thunderstorms near and immediately southeast of
    the midlevel vorticity center. Boundary-layer dewpoints remain in
    the 60s ahead of this feature, and there will be some increase in
    vertical shear as the midlevel trough approaches. However, fairly
    widespread clouds, poor midlevel lapse rates and the influence of
    the MCS farther south all suggest that the severe threat is best
    characterized as marginal.

    ...Northern Plains this afternoon/evening...
    A cold front will surge southeastward across ND this afternoon, in
    association with a digging shortwave trough now over southern SK.
    Pre-frontal low-level moisture and buoyancy will likely remain
    rather limited this afternoon, but a band of convection is expected
    along the front this afternoon. Gusty outflow winds and some hail
    may occur with the strongest storms for a few hours this
    afternoon/evening.

    ..Thompson/Supinie.. 06/07/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jun 7 20:01:00 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 072000
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 071959

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0259 PM CDT Sat Jun 07 2025

    Valid 072000Z - 081200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHEASTERN US...

    ...SUMMARY...
    An organized/bowing line of storms will move across parts of the
    Southeast and southern Appalachians this evening with the potential
    for corridors of wind damage and a tornado or two. Other areas of
    severe storms will be possible in the wake of this morning's storms
    from Mississippi westward to Texas, and across parts of the southern
    High Plains and Ozarks.

    ...20z Update Southeast and Tennessee Valley...
    The ongoing MCS across the Southeast has steadily matured this
    afternoon with numerous reports of wind damage across Alabama and
    Mississippi. These storms will likely continue to pose a risk for
    damaging gusts and an isolated tornado as they move eastward into
    the southern Appalachians this evening/tonight. The primary change
    with the outlook was to trim the Enhanced and Slight Risks behind
    the cold pool. Continued heating and air mass recovery immediately
    behind these storms may support some redevelopment along the western
    edge of the trailing outflow from the ArkLaTex to Mississippi
    tonight. Recent HRRR guidance suggests a few clusters of severe
    storms may redevelop and spread eastward tonight with a risk for
    occasional hail and damaging gusts.

    ...West-Central Texas, the Panhandle to Red River vicinity...
    In the wake of morning convection now over the Southeast, robust
    surface heating/mixing along and south of the remnant outflow and
    synoptic front could be sufficient to support isolated thunderstorm
    development this evening. Additional isolated storms are possible
    near the dryline/outflow intersection across central Texas and the
    southeastern Texas Panhandle. While confidence in storm development
    is not overly high, owing to modest forcing for ascent and residual
    capping, moderate to large buoyancy and deep-layer shear could
    support splitting supercells capable of large to very large hail and
    damaging outflow gusts this evening. Will maintain the level 2
    Slight Risk and expand it westward for potential storm development/intensification across west-central and western North
    Texas this evening.

    Otherwise, the prior outlook remains unchanged. Isolated severe
    storms are possible across parts of the Ozarks ahead of a remnant
    MCV. Damaging gusts are the most probable hazard. Additional
    isolated storms are possible over the northern Plains ahead of the
    cold front. See the prior discussion for more information.

    ..Lyons.. 06/07/2025

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1130 AM CDT Sat Jun 07 2025/

    ...Mid-South into the Southeast through tonight...
    Ahead of a midlevel shortwave trough over the lower MO Valley, an
    MCS and associated MCV are moving eastward across the Mid-South.
    Per modified 12z soundings, as surface temperatures warm into the
    80s, MLCAPE will exceed 2000 J/kg in an environment with sufficient
    downdraft potential and low-midlevel vertical shear to maintain a
    wind-damage threat through the afternoon from northern MS/adjacent
    TN across AL to GA. Please see MD 1175 for additional short-term
    details. Otherwise, the MCS is expected to weaken late this
    evening/early tonight while moving into SC.

    In the wake of the morning convection, some additional storm
    development will be possible along the trailing outflow/effective
    front from north TX across southern AR into MS/AL. The specific
    corridor will depend on the southern extent of the outflow
    progression with today's MCS, but some hail/wind threat will be
    possible later this afternoon into tonight.

    ...Northeast NM into the northern TX Panhandle this evening...
    Low-level flow will become upslope this afternoon, when surface
    heating and low-level moisture could be sufficient for isolated
    thunderstorm development near the Raton Mesa in far northeast NM.
    There is the potential for a sustained supercell to emerge from
    initially high-based convection, and then move southeastward into
    the northwest TX Panhandle this evening. Moderate buoyancy (MLCAPE
    of 1000-1500 J/kg), relatively straight hodographs with effective
    bulk shear near or above 40 kt and midlevel lapse rates of 7-8 C/km
    will support the primary threats of large hail and strong-severe
    outflow gusts for a few hours this evening.

    ...Permian Basin this afternoon/evening...
    The 12z MAF sounding revealed a warm elevated mixed layer and a
    strong cap. Surface heating/mixing along and south of an outflow
    boundary could be sufficient to support isolated thunderstorm
    development later this afternoon/evening, though confidence is low.
    If storms form, the environment will support splitting supercells
    capable of producing isolated large hail and damaging outflow gusts
    for a few hours this evening. This area will be re-evaluated for a
    possible upgrade at 20z.

    ...Mid MS/lower OH Valleys this afternoon/evening...
    As the midlevel shortwave trough progresses east-southeastward from
    northwest MO vicinity as of mid morning, there will be the potential
    for a short arc of thunderstorms near and immediately southeast of
    the midlevel vorticity center. Boundary-layer dewpoints remain in
    the 60s ahead of this feature, and there will be some increase in
    vertical shear as the midlevel trough approaches. However, fairly
    widespread clouds, poor midlevel lapse rates and the influence of
    the MCS farther south all suggest that the severe threat is best
    characterized as marginal.

    ...Northern Plains this afternoon/evening...
    A cold front will surge southeastward across ND this afternoon, in
    association with a digging shortwave trough now over southern SK.
    Pre-frontal low-level moisture and buoyancy will likely remain
    rather limited this afternoon, but a band of convection is expected
    along the front this afternoon. Gusty outflow winds and some hail
    may occur with the strongest storms for a few hours this
    afternoon/evening.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jun 8 01:03:36 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 080102
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 080100

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0800 PM CDT Sat Jun 07 2025

    Valid 080100Z - 081200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE SOUTHERN PLAINS INTO THE SOUTHEAST AND THE CAROLINAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A line of storms will progress across the Carolinas with a continued
    damaging gust threat. Thunderstorms, accompanied by an occasional
    wind/hail threat will also persist for a few hours this evening
    across the Southeast. A brief tornado remains possible with storms
    across portions of the Ohio Valley. Finally, strong storms may
    produce severe wind/hail along the southern High Plains.

    ...Synopsis...
    Broad cyclonic mid-level flow is overspreading the central and
    eastern CONUS, with a pronounced mid-level trough currently
    traversing the Upper MS Valley. A belt of stronger mid-level flow
    and corresponding deeper-layer shear is overspreading the southern
    Plains to the southeastern Atlantic Coastline, where moderate to
    strong buoyancy remains in place. Despite overall weak synoptic
    forcing for ascent, multiple areas of scattered thunderstorms,
    driven by mesoscale forcing mechanisms, persist amid the
    aforementioned favorable buoyancy/shear to support a continued
    threat for severe convective hazards.

    ...Southern High Plains...
    Multiple supercell structures are in progress along the TX/NM
    border, and these storms will continue southeast along a diffuse
    baroclinic boundary with a continued severe wind/hail threat. This
    boundary extends from the central TX Panhandle into central OK. It
    is unclear if additional storms will form east along the boundary,
    and further south along the dryline into west-central TX given
    overall weak forcing. However, south of the boundary and east of the
    dryline, 50+ kts of effective bulk shear and 3000+ J/kg MLCAPE are
    in place, and modestly agitated CU prevail along the aforementioned
    boundaries. As such, Slight Risk probabilities were kept in place
    despite concerns for storm initiation and coverage given the
    conditional risk for severe wind/hail with any storms that manage to
    form.

    ...Southeast States...
    In the wake of an earlier MCS, ample diurnal heating has allowed for modification of the boundary layer, with surface temperatures able
    to reach 90 F amid low to mid 70s F dewpoints, yielding 2000-3000
    MLCAPE amid weak MLCINH. Several strong thunderstorms have developed
    over southern AR and are poised to drift into MS and perhaps western
    AL into the early overnight hours. Given 40-50 kts of effective bulk
    shear overspreading this environment, severe gusts and hail are the
    primary concerns.

    ...Carolinas...
    A long-lived cold-pool-driven MCS continues to advance across SC,
    with a history of prolific damaging gust production (including
    measured severe gusts). This MCS is propagating eastward at roughly
    40-50 kts, suggesting that the cold pool is still potentially
    deep/strong, with internal-forcing mechanisms such as a rear-inflow
    jet present. When also considering the mid to upper 80s F surface
    temperatures preceding the MCS, along with 1500-2500 J/kg MLCAPE,
    ample buoyancy remains for continued damaging/severe gust production
    for at least a few more hours this evening, perhaps to the Atlantic
    Coastline.

    ...Portions of the OH Valley...
    A few small supercell structures, with a recent history of at least
    one tornado, persist ahead of a broadening MCV in eastern MO. Given
    ample buoyancy ahead of these storms across the OH Valley region,
    including 150+ J/kg 0-3 km CAPE, 50+ kts of effective bulk shear,
    and at least modest amounts of vertical-oriented low-level
    vorticity, these supercell structures may persist with a sparse wind gust/tornado threat for at least a few more hours.

    ..Squitieri.. 06/08/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jun 8 06:02:36 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 080602
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 080600

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0100 AM CDT Sun Jun 08 2025

    Valid 081200Z - 091200Z

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF SOUTHERN OKLAHOMA INTO NORTHERN TEXAS...

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS SEPARATELY ALONG
    THE EAST COAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A severe weather outbreak is possible across the southern Plains
    today. A few tornadoes, destructive wind gusts of 80-100 mph, and
    giant hail up to 5 inches in diameter are likely. Strong gusts, and
    perhaps a couple of tornadoes, are also possible along portions of
    the East Coast.

    ...Synopsis...

    ***A severe weather outbreak is possible across the southern Plains
    today***

    A broad mid-level trough will deepen across the Great Lakes into the
    OH Valley, with multiple embedded mid-level impulses poised to pivot
    around the upper trough across the southern Plains to the Southeast
    and Atlantic Seaboard today. A broad northwesterly upper-flow regime
    will become established across the Plains States into the MS Valley,
    with modest mid-level flow contributing to strong deep-layer shear.
    Beneath this stronger flow/shear and cold temperatures aloft will be
    rich low-level moisture, which will support extreme instability,
    especially in the southern Plains. Here, a volatile setup for severe
    weather will exist. All severe hazards are expected, with
    destructive wind gusts and giant hail likely. The severe threat
    should persist to some degree into the Lower MS Valley after dark. A
    severe risk will also accompany storms along parts of the East
    Coast, as passing mid-level impulses provide enough lift and shear
    atop a moist, unstable airmass.

    ...Southern Plains into the Lower MS Valley...
    A diffuse baroclinic zone will be positioned across the TX
    Panhandle, southeast into central or southern OK at the start of the
    period. It is unclear how prolific convection will be during the
    morning to early afternoon. Latest high-resolution model guidance
    consensus suggests that these storms should not be overly intense,
    nor should their impact on the free warm sector be overly
    detrimental. Assuming this is the case, strong daytime heating, amid
    some high level cirrus clouds, should support surface temperatures
    reaching 90 F amid mid 70s F dewpoints. Given robust boundary layer
    heating of this moisture beneath 8-9 C/km mid-level lapse rates,
    widespread extreme buoyancy should develop by afternoon. Forecast
    soundings show deep, wide CAPE profiles, with over 5000 J/kg MLCAPE
    possible (perhaps locally higher in spots). At the same time, modest
    veering with height in the lowest few hundred mb, and northwesterly
    flow in the 500-200 mb increasing to 50-70 kts, will promote 50+ kts
    of effective bulk shear (elongated hodographs with small low-level
    curvature).

    A quasi-stationary cold front will be draped somewhere along the
    KS/OK border into MO, with a dryline positioned in far western TX
    during the afternoon. With maximum daytime heating and minimal
    MLCINH, robust convective initiation is expected along these
    boundaries around mid-afternoon. Given the extreme buoyancy/shear
    parameter space, the more isolated, discrete storms should quickly
    become intense supercells capable of a few tornadoes, severe gusts
    (perhaps exceeding 75 mph), and large hail. 2+ inch diameter hail
    should become commonplace if multiple supercells can sustain
    themselves, with giant hail (perhaps over 5 inches in diameter)
    possible. Though much more conditional, an intense tornado could
    develop somewhere in the eastern TX Panhandle if a longer-lived, inflow-dominant supercell manages to materialize and optimally
    ingest the extreme buoyancy while also traversing the diffuse
    baroclinic boundary. However, confidence in this scenario is too low
    for the introduction of higher tornado probabilities at this time.

    At some point during the afternoon early evening, supercell cold
    pool mergers should support the development of either one intense
    MCS (perhaps in the form of a bow echo), or multiple small but
    intense bowing segments. Should a bow echo form, widespread severe
    winds are likely. In either scenario, gust magnitudes may
    potentially reaching 80-100 mph, hence the maintenance of a Category
    4/Moderate Risk. An MCS should progress toward the lower MS Valley
    during the evening into the overnight, with a lingering severe wind
    threat that should gradually subside with time.

    ...Portions of the Mid Atlantic...
    By early afternoon, thunderstorms should increase in both coverage
    and intensity ahead of a weak surface low and associated weak
    mid-level impulse. These storms will move into an airmass
    characterized by mid to upper 70s F temperatures and 70 F dewpoints,
    overspread by modest mid-level lapse rates (resulting in over 1500
    J/kg MLCAPE). Considerable veering with height will support
    elongated hodographs with appreciable low-level curvature, with
    multicells and supercells the expected storm mode. Damaging gusts
    and large hail may accompany the stronger storms. A few tornadoes
    may occur with any supercells that interact with a baroclinic
    boundary across eastern VA.

    ...Portions of the Southeast Atlantic Coastline...
    From mid morning to early afternoon, diurnal heating of a moist,
    weakly capped boundary layer will result in surface temperatures
    reaching 90 F amid 70 F surface dewpoints, with MLCAPE exceeding
    2000 J/kg in spots. Overall deep-layer flow/shear should be modest
    at best, with forecast soundings showing predominantly short
    hodographs. Given the moderate to strong instability in place,
    multicells are the expected mode of convection. While some hail
    cannot be ruled out with the stronger storms (given modest mid-level
    lapse rates), the main threat with these storms should be strong
    wind gusts.

    ..Squitieri/Kerr.. 06/08/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jun 8 12:09:11 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 081208
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 081207

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0707 AM CDT Sun Jun 08 2025

    Valid 081300Z - 091200Z

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS AFTERNOON
    AND EVENING FROM THE EASTERN TEXAS PANHANDLE INTO SOUTHERN OKLAHOMA
    AND NORTHWEST/NORTH-CENTRAL TEXAS...

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS AFTERNOON
    FROM THE MID-ATLANTIC REGION INTO GEORGIA....

    ...SUMMARY...
    A severe weather outbreak is possible across the southern Plains
    today. A few tornadoes, destructive wind gusts of 80-100 mph, and
    giant hail up to 5 inches in diameter are likely. Strong gusts, and
    perhaps a couple of tornadoes, are also possible along portions of
    the East Coast.

    ...OK/TX...
    Broad west-northwesterly flow is present today across the
    central/southern Plains states, with a surface cold front sagging
    southward across KS. Ahead of the front, a very moist
    boundary-layer air mass is in place across much of OK and TX, with
    dewpoints in the upper 60s and lower 70s. Strong daytime heating
    and near dry-adiabatic low/mid-level lapse rates will yield a large
    reservoir of extremely high CAPE values across western OK and
    northwest TX.

    Rapid development of intense thunderstorms will ensue by mid/late
    afternoon along the cold front over northwest OK and along a complex
    dryline structure over the eastern TX Panhandle. Strong deep layer
    shear will favor supercells, despite rather weak low-level winds.
    Very large hail, damaging winds, and a few tornadoes will be
    possible as these storms track southeastward across western/central
    OK and congeal into one or more bowing segments. Recent CAM
    solutions suggest pockets of deep boundary-layer mixing, with some
    areas heating into the mid 90s while dewpoints drop into the 50s.
    If this scenario develops, significant wind and hail would remain a
    concern, but the overall risk of tornadoes would be reduced.

    The risk of widespread destructive winds will increase through the
    evening as the convective complex tracks into northwest and
    north-central TX. The activity make remain intense as far east as northern/central LA tonight.

    ...Central/North TX early afternoon...
    A cluster of strong thunderstorms is ongoing this morning between
    ABI and LBB. Other isolated cells are forming in eastern NM north
    of TCC. Given the very unstable environment, any one of these
    clusters of storms could potentially persist through the day and
    track southeastward into parts of central TX. Large hail and
    damaging winds would be the main concerns.

    ...Mid Atlantic Region...
    A shortwave trough currently over OH will track eastward today, with large-scale ascent overspreading the Mid-Atlantic states by
    afternoon. A moist surface air mass is present across much of
    VA/MD/NC and vicinity with dewpoints in the upper 60s. Persistent
    clouds and weak mid-level lapse rates will limit destabilization.
    However, it appears likely that storms will develop off the Blue
    Ridge by mid afternoon and spread eastward toward the coast.
    Forecast soundings show sufficient low and deep layer shear for
    supercell structures capable of damaging wind gusts and perhaps a
    few tornadoes.

    ...GA/SC...
    A large MCS has persisted overnight across parts of AL/GA, with a
    few strong storms along its leading edge. Given a few hours of
    daytime heating, these storms may pose a risk of damaging wind gusts
    as they spread eastward toward the coast.

    ..Hart/Bentley.. 06/08/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jun 8 16:47:09 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 081647
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 081645

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1145 AM CDT Sun Jun 08 2025

    Valid 081630Z - 091200Z

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE EASTERN
    TEXAS PANHANDLE INTO SOUTHERN OKLAHOMA AND NORTHWEST/NORTH-CENTRAL
    TEXAS...

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE MID-ATLANTIC/SOUTHEAST STATES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A severe weather outbreak is expected across the southern Plains
    today, including southern Oklahoma and much of northwest and North
    Texas. A few tornadoes, destructive wind gusts of 80-100 mph, and
    giant hail up to 3-5 inches in diameter are likely. Strong wind
    gusts, and perhaps a couple of tornadoes, are also possible across
    portions of the Mid-Atlantic and Southeast.

    ...Northwest/North Texas and Oklahoma...
    A very active severe-weather day is expected including a regional
    outbreak of severe storms. The potential exists for very large hail
    and a few tornadoes this afternoon, with widespread damaging
    winds/derecho potentially developing into this evening and
    overnight, especially across much of North Texas and southern
    Oklahoma.

    Broad west-northwesterly flow is present today across the
    central/southern Plains, with a surface cold front sagging southward
    across Kansas. Ahead of the front, a very moist boundary-layer air
    mass is in place across much of Oklahoma/Texas, with dewpoints in
    the upper 60s and lower 70s. Ample daytime heating and near
    dry-adiabatic low/mid-level lapse rates will yield a large reservoir
    of extremely high CAPE values across western Oklahoma and northwest
    Texas. See Mesoscale Discussion 1196 for additional short-term
    details.

    Rapid development of intense thunderstorms will ensue by mid/late
    afternoon along the cold front over western Oklahoma and along a
    complex dryline structure over the eastern Texas Panhandle. Strong
    deep layer shear will support intense supercells, despite rather
    weak low-level winds. Very large hail, damaging winds, and a few
    tornadoes will be possible as these storms track southeastward
    across western/central Oklahoma and toward western North Texas,
    likely congealing into one or more prominent bowing MCSs.

    The risk of widespread destructive winds will increase through the
    evening as the potentially prominent linear convective system organizes/gradually accelerates east-southeastward across southern
    Oklahoma and North Texas. At least some lingering damaging
    wind/embedded tornado potential may reach as far east-southeast as
    the ArkLaTex and ArkLaMiss late tonight.

    ...Mid-Atlantic States...
    A shortwave trough currently over Ohio will track eastward today,
    with large-scale ascent overspreading the Mid-Atlantic states by
    afternoon. A moist surface air mass is present across much of
    VA/MD/NC and vicinity with dewpoints in the upper 60s. Persistent
    clouds and weak mid-level lapse rates will limit destabilization.
    However, it appears likely that storms will develop off the Blue
    Ridge by mid afternoon and spread eastward toward the coast.
    Forecast soundings show sufficient low and deep layer shear for
    supercell structures capable of damaging wind gusts and perhaps a
    few tornadoes.

    ...Southeast...
    Clusters of storms will move across the region with mostly a wind
    damage risk, perhaps most certain and most focused across coastal
    portions of South Carolina into southern North Carolina through
    mid-afternoon.

    ..Guyer/Thornton.. 06/08/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jun 8 19:57:51 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 081956
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 081954

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0254 PM CDT Sun Jun 08 2025

    Valid 082000Z - 091200Z

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE EASTERN
    TEXAS PANHANDLE INTO SOUTHERN OKLAHOMA AND NORTHWEST/NORTH-CENTRAL
    TEXAS...

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS PARTS OF SOUTHERN
    ALABAMA AND SOUTHERN GEORGIA...MID-ATLANTIC REGION...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A severe weather outbreak is expected across the southern Plains
    today, including southern Oklahoma and much of northwest and North
    Texas. A few tornadoes, destructive wind gusts of 80-100 mph, and
    giant hail up to 3-5 inches in diameter are likely. Strong wind
    gusts, and perhaps a couple of tornadoes, are also possible across
    portions of the Mid-Atlantic and Southeast.

    ...20Z Update...
    With convection moving off the South Carolina coast, severe
    probabilities have been reduced as robust redevelopment is not
    expected this afternoon. Severe probabilities were also reduced in
    parts of eastern Kansas, Missouri, and western Illinois based on the
    current position of the cold front. The remainder of the forecast
    remains on track. Widespread severe winds and large to very large
    hail, and a few tornadoes remain possible across parts of the
    southern Plains.

    ..Wendt.. 06/08/2025

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1145 AM CDT Sun Jun 08 2025/

    ...Northwest/North Texas and Oklahoma...
    A very active severe-weather day is expected including a regional
    outbreak of severe storms. The potential exists for very large hail
    and a few tornadoes this afternoon, with widespread damaging
    winds/derecho potentially developing into this evening and
    overnight, especially across much of North Texas and southern
    Oklahoma.

    Broad west-northwesterly flow is present today across the
    central/southern Plains, with a surface cold front sagging southward
    across Kansas. Ahead of the front, a very moist boundary-layer air
    mass is in place across much of Oklahoma/Texas, with dewpoints in
    the upper 60s and lower 70s. Ample daytime heating and near
    dry-adiabatic low/mid-level lapse rates will yield a large reservoir
    of extremely high CAPE values across western Oklahoma and northwest
    Texas. See Mesoscale Discussion 1196 for additional short-term
    details.

    Rapid development of intense thunderstorms will ensue by mid/late
    afternoon along the cold front over western Oklahoma and along a
    complex dryline structure over the eastern Texas Panhandle. Strong
    deep layer shear will support intense supercells, despite rather
    weak low-level winds. Very large hail, damaging winds, and a few
    tornadoes will be possible as these storms track southeastward
    across western/central Oklahoma and toward western North Texas,
    likely congealing into one or more prominent bowing MCSs.

    The risk of widespread destructive winds will increase through the
    evening as the potentially prominent linear convective system organizes/gradually accelerates east-southeastward across southern
    Oklahoma and North Texas. At least some lingering damaging
    wind/embedded tornado potential may reach as far east-southeast as
    the ArkLaTex and ArkLaMiss late tonight.

    ...Mid-Atlantic States...
    A shortwave trough currently over Ohio will track eastward today,
    with large-scale ascent overspreading the Mid-Atlantic states by
    afternoon. A moist surface air mass is present across much of
    VA/MD/NC and vicinity with dewpoints in the upper 60s. Persistent
    clouds and weak mid-level lapse rates will limit destabilization.
    However, it appears likely that storms will develop off the Blue
    Ridge by mid afternoon and spread eastward toward the coast.
    Forecast soundings show sufficient low and deep layer shear for
    supercell structures capable of damaging wind gusts and perhaps a
    few tornadoes.

    ...Southeast...
    Clusters of storms will move across the region with mostly a wind
    damage risk, perhaps most certain and most focused across coastal
    portions of South Carolina into southern North Carolina through
    mid-afternoon.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jun 9 00:48:41 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 090048
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 090046

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0746 PM CDT Sun Jun 08 2025

    Valid 090100Z - 091200Z

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS EVENING
    INTO THE OVERNIGHT HOURS ACROSS MUCH OF NORTHERN TEXAS AND ADJACENT
    SOUTHERN OKLAHOMA...

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS EVENING
    ACROSS PARTS OF THE MID ATLANTIC...

    ...SUMMARY...
    It still appears that clusters of strong to severe thunderstorm
    development across the Texas Panhandle into Red River Valley
    vicinity will consolidate into a gradually organizing and more
    prominent cluster of storms this evening, accompanied by increasing
    potential for widespread damaging wind gusts across northern Texas
    and adjacent portions of southern Oklahoma overnight.

    ...01Z Update...
    A weak cold front continues to advance southeast of the upper Great
    Lakes region, through the middle Mississippi Valley and south
    central Great Plains, downstream of deep mid-level troughing and an
    embedded cyclone digging across the Canadian/U.S. border through the
    northern Great Plains and upper Mississippi Valley. This is
    preceded by a residual baroclinic zone across the southern Atlantic
    Seaboard into the southern Great Plains, which has been enhanced to
    the lee of the southern Rockies through the southern Great Plains by
    strong differential surface heating beneath warm elevated
    mixed-layer air.

    Both boundaries remain the focus for strong to severe thunderstorm
    development early this evening. However, outside of the southern
    Great Plains, most of this activity is likely to continue to wane
    with the loss of daytime heating.

    In the presence of steeper lapse rates across the southern Great
    Plains, stronger lingering potential instability still appears
    likely to support an increasing risk of severe weather overnight,
    generally focused along the southern/remnant baroclinic zone now
    extending across or south of the southern portions of the Texas
    Panhandle through north Texas. Mixed-layer CAPE still appears on
    the order of 3000-4000 J/kg along this corridor. Although low-level
    wind fields remain generally weak, at least modest strengthening of
    a nocturnal low-level jet may occur to the east of lee surface
    troughing, across the Texas South Plains into the vicinity of the
    frontal zone across western North Texas. Otherwise, a seasonably
    strong west-northwesterly mid/upper jet streak (40-70+ kt in the
    500-300 mb layer) appears to be propagating along the frontal zone, contributing to strong deep-layer shear.

    Convection allowing model output has varied concerning the potential
    convective evolution into and through the overnight hours across
    parts of northern Texas. Model output indicating some of the more
    intense potential evolutions appear to have backed off at least
    some, in intensity. Regardless, there has been a consistent signal
    that ongoing convection across the Texas Panhandle into Red River
    vicinity will gradually consolidate, accompanied by a strengthening
    cold pool and potential for the evolution of a notable MCV with
    intensifying rear inflow. Given the environment, this still appears
    possible, with the development of one or two sustained swaths of
    potentially damaging wind gusts most probable near and south of the
    Red River, across north central into northeastern Texas overnight.

    ..Kerr.. 06/09/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jun 9 05:55:56 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 090555
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 090554

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1254 AM CDT Mon Jun 09 2025

    Valid 091200Z - 101200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS TODAY ACROSS PARTS
    OF THE OHIO AND LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEYS INTO THE APPALACHIANS AND
    SOUTH ATLANTIC SEABOARD,...AS WELL PARTS OF NORTHEASTERN NEW
    MEXICO...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to severe thunderstorm development appears probable
    today, particularly across parts of the Ohio Valley into
    Appalachians, and east of the lower Mississippi Valley into eastern
    Gulf Coast states.

    ...Discussion...
    It appears that mid/upper ridging inland of the Pacific coast
    through the western Canadian Prairies and northern U.S. Rockies is
    beginning to become suppressed by a short wave perturbation. As
    this continues, a seasonably deep downstream trough, currently still
    digging through the northern Great Plains/Upper Midwest vicinity, is
    forecast to pivot east-northeastward across the Great Lakes and Ohio
    Valley, gradually taking on a negative tilt as it does. An
    initially broad, modest associated surface cyclone may deepen some,
    mainly across northern Ontario into the James Bay vicinity, with at
    least a couple of reinforcing surges of cooler air overspreading the
    Great Lakes region, Ohio and Mississippi Valleys.

    Within a belt of more modest cyclonic mid/upper flow in latitudes to
    the east of the southern Rockies, at least one notable meso-beta to
    meso-alpha scale cyclonic circulation appears to be in the process
    of developing near the Ark-La-Tex vicinity. It appears that this
    circulation will tend to migrate east-northeastward across and to
    the east of the lower Mississippi Valley during the day. However,
    the extent to which it is maintained or becomes sheared, as
    larger-scale troughing within the two branches of westerlies tends
    to come in phase, remains unclear based on latest model output.

    Upstream, weak mid-level troughing is forecast to dig inland of the
    southern California coast, through the Southwest, around the
    northeastern periphery of a prominent mid-level high over the
    subtropical eastern Pacific.

    Seasonably moist air appears likely to remain largely confined to a
    remnant frontal zone across the southern tier of the U.S.,
    associated with the modest southern mid- and subtropical westerlies.
    However, a narrow plume of southerly return flow is ongoing ahead of
    the lead reinforcing cold front now advancing southeast of the upper
    Great Lakes and Midwest.

    ...Lower Mississippi Valley into south Atlantic Seaboard...
    Potential convective evolution remains unclear, but guidance remains
    suggestive that ongoing convective development propagating across
    northeastern and north central Texas will be in the process of
    weakening while spreading into Louisiana and upper Texas coastal
    areas early in the period. Additional convection is also likely to
    be ongoing downstream of the emerging mesoscale vortex, aided by
    low-level warm advection, as it migrates east of the Mississippi
    Valley.

    The impact of this convection on boundary-layer destabilization
    remains unclear. However, while mid-level lapse rates may be weak,
    with at least some insolation, boundary-layer dew points in excess
    of 70 F across the Gulf Coast region may contribute to sufficient destabilization to support at least scattered intensifying
    thunderstorm development, both upstream and downstream of the
    convective vortex. Some of this activity may pose a risk for,
    mainly, strong surface gusts. A brief tornado also might be
    possible, particularly near the convective vortex as long as it
    remains relatively well-defined. This severe risk may continue into
    the south Atlantic Seaboard tonight, but this remains more unclear.

    ...Ohio Valley into Appalachians...
    Moderate boundary-layer destabilization ahead of the lead cold front
    might provide support for scattered strong to severe thunderstorm
    development, including supercells, in the presence of strong
    deep-layer shear beneath 40-60+ kt southwesterly mid/upper flow.
    Toward mid to late afternoon, it is possible that modestly deepening
    surface troughing across the upper Ohio Valley into the lee of the
    Allegheny front may provide a better defined focus for this threat.

    ...Great Lakes vicinity...
    Convection-allowing model output and associated guidance suggest
    that destabilization and shear may become supportive of convection
    capable of producing severe hail and wind in a narrow corridor ahead
    of a secondary surface cold front (closer to the mid-level cold core overspreading the Great Lakes), as it advances across and
    east-southeast of Lake Michigan this afternoon.

    ...Southern Rockies through northwestern Gulf coast...
    Extensive convective outflow appears likely to be progressing into
    and through the upper Texas coastal plain by the beginning of the
    period, and perhaps gradually stalling across parts of south central
    Texas into the Pecos Valley. The gust front might still be a focus
    for widely scattered strong thunderstorm development early in the
    day, otherwise the extent of the outflow's stabilizing influence
    remains unclear, particularly later in period to the lee of the
    southern Rockies.

    Downstream of the Southwestern mid-level tough, models suggest that destabilizing, moist upslope flow into the Raton Mesa/eastern slopes
    of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains might become supportive of a
    couple of supercells and one or two small upscale growing
    thunderstorm clusters. Beneath modest to weak northwest mid-level
    flow, this activity may pose a risk for severe hail and wind while
    propagating off the higher terrain through this evening. Continuing development into portions of west Texas overnight is more unclear.

    ..Kerr/Squitieri.. 06/09/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jun 9 11:57:43 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 091157
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 091156

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0656 AM CDT Mon Jun 09 2025

    Valid 091300Z - 101200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS AFTERNOON
    OVER PORTIONS OF THE GULF COAST STATES...SOUTHEAST...TN/OH
    VALLEYS...AND OVER NORTHEAST NM...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to severe thunderstorm development appears probable
    today, particularly across parts of the Ohio Valley into
    Appalachians, and east of the lower Mississippi Valley into eastern
    Gulf Coast states.

    No changes have been made to the ongoing forecast.

    ...Southeast States...
    An upper low is centered this morning over MN/WI, with broad
    cyclonic flow across much of the eastern US. Several ongoing
    clusters of thunderstorms are ongoing this morning across from east
    TX into GA, with a risk of occasional gusty winds. A few hours of
    sunshine may be sufficient for intensification of one or more of
    these clusters, with damaging wind being the main concern.

    ...TN/OH Valleys...
    A similar regime is present this morning along a cold front from
    northwest OH into IL. Scattered strong thunderstorms may develop
    anywhere along the front from central PA into southeast MO. Forcing
    is weak so most storms will remain somewhat disorganized. However,
    the strongest storms will pose a risk of locally damaging wind
    gusts.

    ...NM...
    Ample low-level moisture has advected westward into
    southern/east-central NM. This combined with strong daytime heating
    will encourage thunderstorm development over the mountains by mid
    afternoon. Storms will spread into the adjacent Plains by early
    evening. Mid level winds will be only marginally favorable for a
    few organized/rotating cells capable of hail and gusty winds.

    ..Hart/Bentley.. 06/09/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jun 9 16:28:46 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 091628
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 091627

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1127 AM CDT Mon Jun 09 2025

    Valid 091630Z - 101200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS AFTERNOON
    OVER PORTIONS OF THE GULF COAST STATES INTO SOUTHEAST...OVER
    PORTIONS OF THE TN/OH VALLEYS AND SOUTHERN LOWER MI...AND OVER THE
    SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to severe thunderstorm development appears probable
    today across parts of the Tennessee and Ohio Valleys, over Lower MI,
    from lower Mississippi Valley into Southeast, and over the southern
    High Plains.

    ...Southeast TX into the Southeast...
    Morning observations and satellite/radar imagery reveals a complex
    pattern across TX and Southeast as a result of extensive overnight
    convection. Satellite imagery shows the vorticity maximum from the
    overnight storms in TX is over the AR/LA vicinity, with the
    associated outflow extending from southeast TX through south TX.
    Overnight storms also developed over central MS and southern AL,
    with the resulting MCV now in the central MS/AL border vicinity. All
    of these features will likely provide the impetus for thunderstorm
    development today, but the unfocused nature of the overall pattern
    leads to larger-than-usual uncertain for Day 1.

    Current expectation is for redevelopment over MS behind the MCV over
    southern LA/MS/AL as the MCV over AR/LA moves into the region later
    this afternoon. Given the combination of buoyancy and shear, this
    area appears to have the greater chance for severe than areas
    farther west across TX, where capping could limit coverage, or
    downstream across the GA/Carolinas where destabilization will likely
    be more limited. Damaging gusts are the primary risk across the
    entire region via both water-loaded downbursts and bowing line
    segments. Some isolated hail and a brief tornado or two are also
    possible.

    ...TN/OH Valleys...
    Recent surface analysis places a surface low over the AR/TN/MO
    border intersection, with a weak cold front extending northeastward
    from this low to another low over western Lake Ontario. Moderate
    low-level moisture (i.e. dewpoints around 62-64 deg F) exists ahead
    of this front. General expectation is for thunderstorm development
    along and ahead of this front as it moves eastward and downstream
    airmass diurnally destabilizes. Two areas within this broader zone
    that appear to have a relatively greater severe potential are across
    middle TN, where the ongoing storms could become loosely organized
    into a forward-propagating line, and across eastern OH/western PA,
    where stronger shear and greater forcing for ascent could result in
    bowing line segments.

    ...Lower MI...
    Strong heating is anticipated across Lower MI today, resulting in a
    deeply mixed boundary layer. Shortwave trough rotating through the
    base of the larger upper low centered over WI is expected to move
    into the region this afternoon, interacting with this deeply mixed
    and destabilized boundary layer to support thunderstorm development.
    Some stronger low/mid-level flow will accompany this shortwave as
    well, and the overall setup appears favorable for line segments
    capable of damaging gusts. Severe coverage is expected to be high
    enough to merit upgrading to 15% wind probabilities across southern
    Lower MI.

    ...Southern High Plains...
    Low-level moisture will continue to advect northwestward into west
    TX and eastern NM today, with mid to upper 60s dewpoints across west
    TX and low to mid 60s dewpoints in eastern NM by this evening. This
    moisture advection and resulting buoyancy will provide a favorable
    environment for storms to persist as the move off the higher terrain
    this evening. Upscale growth into a southeastward-progressing
    convective line appears probable, with this line moving across east-central/southeast NM and into west TX. Strong to severe gusts
    are possible within this line.

    Additionally, a few storms are possible along and north of the
    modified outflow boundary this evening. Steep lapse rates, ample
    low-level moisture, and a unidirectional mid to upper-level westerly
    wind profile with increasing speed with height will support the
    potential for large to very large hail with these storms.

    ..Mosier/Thornton.. 06/09/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jun 9 20:01:26 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 092001
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 091959

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0259 PM CDT Mon Jun 09 2025

    Valid 092000Z - 101200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PARTS OF THE
    GULF COAST STATES INTO THE SOUTHEAST...PARTS OF THE TN/OH
    VALLEYS...LOWER MI...AND THE SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to severe thunderstorm development appears probable
    today across parts of the Tennessee and Ohio Valleys, over Lower
    Michigan, from the lower Mississippi Valley into the Southeast, and
    over the southern High Plains.

    ...20Z Update...
    The Slight Risk in the southern High Plains was expanded
    southeastward and southwestward, given the potential for splitting
    supercells along a surface boundary into this evening. Large to very
    large hail will be possible with this activity. Additionally, storms
    moving southeastward out of southeast NM could grow upscale across
    this same corridor during the overnight hours, posing a risk of
    scattered severe wind gusts. Farther east, the Slight Risk was
    trimmed over parts of the Mid-South -- behind eastward-moving storms
    ahead of the cold front. Elsewhere, the forecast remains on track.

    ..Weinman.. 06/09/2025

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1127 AM CDT Mon Jun 09 2025/

    ...Southeast TX into the Southeast...
    Morning observations and satellite/radar imagery reveals a complex
    pattern across TX and Southeast as a result of extensive overnight
    convection. Satellite imagery shows the vorticity maximum from the
    overnight storms in TX is over the AR/LA vicinity, with the
    associated outflow extending from southeast TX through south TX.
    Overnight storms also developed over central MS and southern AL,
    with the resulting MCV now in the central MS/AL border vicinity. All
    of these features will likely provide the impetus for thunderstorm
    development today, but the unfocused nature of the overall pattern
    leads to larger-than-usual uncertain for Day 1.

    Current expectation is for redevelopment over MS behind the MCV over
    southern LA/MS/AL as the MCV over AR/LA moves into the region later
    this afternoon. Given the combination of buoyancy and shear, this
    area appears to have the greater chance for severe than areas
    farther west across TX, where capping could limit coverage, or
    downstream across the GA/Carolinas where destabilization will likely
    be more limited. Damaging gusts are the primary risk across the
    entire region via both water-loaded downbursts and bowing line
    segments. Some isolated hail and a brief tornado or two are also
    possible.

    ...TN/OH Valleys...
    Recent surface analysis places a surface low over the AR/TN/MO
    border intersection, with a weak cold front extending northeastward
    from this low to another low over western Lake Ontario. Moderate
    low-level moisture (i.e. dewpoints around 62-64 deg F) exists ahead
    of this front. General expectation is for thunderstorm development
    along and ahead of this front as it moves eastward and downstream
    airmass diurnally destabilizes. Two areas within this broader zone
    that appear to have a relatively greater severe potential are across
    middle TN, where the ongoing storms could become loosely organized
    into a forward-propagating line, and across eastern OH/western PA,
    where stronger shear and greater forcing for ascent could result in
    bowing line segments.

    ...Lower MI...
    Strong heating is anticipated across Lower MI today, resulting in a
    deeply mixed boundary layer. Shortwave trough rotating through the
    base of the larger upper low centered over WI is expected to move
    into the region this afternoon, interacting with this deeply mixed
    and destabilized boundary layer to support thunderstorm development.
    Some stronger low/mid-level flow will accompany this shortwave as
    well, and the overall setup appears favorable for line segments
    capable of damaging gusts. Severe coverage is expected to be high
    enough to merit upgrading to 15% wind probabilities across southern
    Lower MI.

    ...Southern High Plains...
    Low-level moisture will continue to advect northwestward into west
    TX and eastern NM today, with mid to upper 60s dewpoints across west
    TX and low to mid 60s dewpoints in eastern NM by this evening. This
    moisture advection and resulting buoyancy will provide a favorable
    environment for storms to persist as the move off the higher terrain
    this evening. Upscale growth into a southeastward-progressing
    convective line appears probable, with this line moving across east-central/southeast NM and into west TX. Strong to severe gusts
    are possible within this line.

    Additionally, a few storms are possible along and north of the
    modified outflow boundary this evening. Steep lapse rates, ample
    low-level moisture, and a unidirectional mid to upper-level westerly
    wind profile with increasing speed with height will support the
    potential for large to very large hail with these storms.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jun 10 00:51:29 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 100050
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 100049

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0749 PM CDT Mon Jun 09 2025

    Valid 100100Z - 101200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PART OF THE
    CENTRAL APPALACHIANS AND SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe storms will be possible this evening across parts of
    the central Appalachians, and in parts of the southern High Plains.
    A marginal severe threat will be possible over much of the
    Southeast, and from central into southeast Texas.

    ...Central Appalachians...
    The latest water vapor imagery shows a trough over the Great Lakes
    with southwest flow over much of the eastern U.S. A pronounced
    vorticity max is located over western Pennsylvania. Large-scale
    ascent associated with this feature is providing support for
    scattered thunderstorm development. The latest RAP has an axis of
    instability (MLCAPE around 1000 J/kg) analyzed from eastern West
    Virginia into far southern New York. In addition, the latest WSR-88D
    VWP at College Station has 0-6 km shear in the 30 to 40 knot range,
    with some directional shear in the lowest 2 km. This will continue
    to support a severe threat for a couple more hours this evening.

    ...Southern High Plains...
    Northwesterly mid-level flow is evident on water vapor imagery from
    the southern and central Rockies into much of the Great Plains. At
    the surface, a moist axis is analyzed from west Texas into northeast
    New Mexico, along which the RAP has moderate instability. Scattered thunderstorms have developed along the western edge of the stronger
    instability in east-central New Mexico. Short-term model solutions
    move this convection southeastward into west Texas, where additional
    storms are already ongoing. These two areas of convection are
    expected to consolidate later this evening, and move southeastward
    into the western Texas Hill Country. Moderate deep-layer shear, and
    steep mid-level lapse rates over parts of western and central Texas
    will be favorable for supercells with large hail. Hailstones greater
    than 2 inches in diameter will be possible with cells that become
    intense. Isolated severe gusts will also be possible.

    ...Central and Southeast Texas...
    West-northwesterly mid-level flow is located from eastern parts of
    the southern Plains into the central Gulf Coast states. At the
    surface, a very moist airmass is located over much of the region.
    The strongest instability is located over parts of southeast Texas,
    where the RAP has MLCAPE in the 3000 to 4000 J/kg range. In
    addition, the Houston WSR-88D VWP has 0-6 k shear around 50 knots,
    suggesting that supercells will be possible. In spite of this,
    convective coverage is expected to remain rather isolated due to a
    lack of large-scale ascent. Any cell that can develop and persist
    near the instability maximum this evening could have a potential for
    severe gusts and hail.

    ...Southeast...
    An upper-level trough is currently located from the lower Ohio
    Valley southward into the Gulf Coast states. At the surface, a moist
    airmass is present over much of the Southeast. The RAP suggests that
    MLCAPE ranges from around 1000 J/kg over parts of central Georgia
    and central Alabama to about 3000 J/kg in southwest Louisiana.
    Although deep-layer shear is relatively weak across the region this
    evening, the instability could be enough for isolated severe gusts
    and hail with the stronger cells for another hour or so.

    ..Broyles.. 06/10/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jun 10 06:00:50 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 100600
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 100559

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1259 AM CDT Tue Jun 10 2025

    Valid 101200Z - 111200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    SOUTHEAST NEW MEXICO...FAR WEST TEXAS AND THE RIO GRANDE VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are expected to develop this afternoon and evening
    across parts of far southeast New Mexico, far West Texas and the Rio
    Grande Valley. Marginally severe storms will be possible from parts
    of the southern Plains eastward into the lower Mississippi Valley,
    along parts of the Atlantic Coastal states, in northern
    California/southern Oregon and in parts of the northern Rockies.

    ...Far Southeast New Mexico/Far West Texas/Rio Grande Valley...
    A subtle mid-level shortwave trough will move southeastward across
    New Mexico today. At the surface, a moist axis will be located
    across the lower to middle Rio Grande Valley, where moderate
    instability is expected to be in place by afternoon. As instability
    becomes maximized, scattered thunderstorms will likely develop ahead
    of the trough in the higher terrain of southeast New Mexico and far
    West Texas. This convection will spread southeastward into the Rio
    Grande Valley. RAP forecast soundings at 21Z to the east of the
    Davis Mountains of west Texas have MLCAPE reaching 3500 J/kg. 0-6 km
    shear is forecast to be in the 40 to 45 knot range, with 700-500 mb
    lapse rates approaching 9 C/Km. This environment will be favorable
    for supercells with large hail. The more intense cores could produce
    hailstone greater than 2 inches in diameter. In addition, the storms
    will be high-based with nearly dry adiabatic lapse rates in the
    low-levels. This will contribute to a potential for isolated severe
    wind gusts. The severe threat should gradually spread southeastward
    across far West Texas in the late afternoon, moving into the lower
    Rio Grande Valley during early evening.

    ...Southern Plains/Sabine River and Lower Mississippi Valleys...
    Mid-level flow will become westerly today from parts of the southern
    Plains into the central Gulf Coast states. At the surface, a moist
    airmass will be in place across much of the region. Short-term model
    forecasts suggest that a convective cluster or line could be ongoing
    at the start of the period across the western Texas Hill Country. If
    this occurs, then these storms could pose a marginal severe threat
    as they move eastward from central Texas into southeast Texas late
    this morning and early this afternoon. A few marginally severe
    storms could also develop further east into the lower Mississippi
    Valley, as surface temperatures and instability become maximized
    during the late afternoon.

    ...Atlantic Coastal States...
    A mid-level trough will move eastward across the Ohio and Tennessee
    Valleys today. At the surface, a moist airmass will be in place
    ahead of the trough in the Atlantic Coastal states. As temperatures
    warm, isolated to scattered thunderstorms are expected to develop
    during the early afternoon from parts of the Carolinas northward to
    the vicinity of New York City. The strongest instability will be
    located in the Carolinas, where steep low-level lapse rates will
    contribute to a potential for marginally severe wind gusts. Further
    north into the Mid-Atlantic, the combination of instability and
    deep-layer shear could also be sufficient for an isolated severe
    threat. As convection moves eastward out of the higher terrain
    during the early to mid afternoon, short multicell line segments
    could produce marginally severe wind gusts.

    ...Northern California/Southern Oregon...
    Mid-level flow will become increasingly southwesterly across parts
    of the West Coast today. A pocket of instability is expected to
    develop by afternoon from northern California into southern Oregon.
    As surface temperatures warm within this pocket, isolated to
    scattered thunderstorms will develop in the higher terrain. This
    convection will move eastward into the lower elevations during the
    late afternoon. RAP forecast soundings in northern California and
    southern Oregon at 21Z have MLCAPE peaking in the 500 to 1000 J/kg
    range, with surface temperature-dewpoint spreads exceeding 30
    degrees F. This combined with steep mid-level lapse rates could be
    sufficient for a marginally severe gusts and hail.

    ...Northern Rockies...
    A mid-level ridge is forecast to move eastward across the northern
    Rockies today. In spite of limited large-scale ascent, isolated
    thunderstorms will likely develop in the higher terrain of the
    northern Rockies by afternoon. Weak instability and large surface-temperature-dewpoint spreads could be enough for marginally
    severe wind gusts as storms move into the lower elevations during
    the afternoon. Hail will also be possible.

    ..Broyles/Squitieri.. 06/10/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jun 10 12:19:23 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 101219
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 101217

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0717 AM CDT Tue Jun 10 2025

    Valid 101300Z - 111200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS AFTERNOON AND
    EVENING ACROSS PARTS OF SOUTHEAST NM AND SOUTHWEST TX...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are expected to develop this afternoon and evening
    across parts of far southeast New Mexico, far West Texas and the Rio
    Grande Valley. Marginally severe storms will be possible from parts
    of the southern Plains eastward into the lower Mississippi Valley,
    along parts of the Atlantic Coastal states, in northern
    California/southern Oregon and in parts of the northern Rockies.

    ...Central/East TX This Morning...
    Morning satellite/radar loops show a large linear MCS tracking
    slowly eastward across west-central TX. This line of storms has
    been primarily non-severe for the past few hours, but with gusty
    winds along the leading edge. Overnight CAM solutions suggest the
    MCS will continue to slowly weaken this morning, but a residual MCV
    may continue to track eastward this afternoon into east TX and
    central LA. Ample low level moisture and CAPE will support
    re-development of a few strong storms. The current forecast
    scenario is for this activity to be weakly organized this afternoon.
    However, if re-intensification of this MCS can occur, a SLGT risk
    area may be needed in east TX/central LA in later outlook updates.

    ...Southeast NM/Southwest TX This Afternoon/Evening...
    The outflow boundary associated with the aforementioned MCS is
    sagging southward across southwest TX. Southeasterly low-level
    winds behind the outflow boundary, coupled with afternoon heating,
    is expected to draw ample low-level moisture westward by late
    afternoon. This will result in scattered intense thunderstorms over
    the Davis mountains and vicinity. Storms will build southeastward
    through the evening with a risk of very large hail and damaging wind
    gusts.

    ...Coastal GA/SC...
    Another remnant MCS is tracking across southern GA. A few hours of
    daytime heating ahead of this activity could lead to intensification
    by late morning, with a risk of strong wind gusts.

    ...Eastern FL Peninsula...
    Full daytime heating and dewpoints in the 70s will yield strong
    instability later this afternoon along the northeast and
    east-central FL peninsula - leading to scattered thunderstorm
    development. Weak but sufficient deep-layer shear and steep
    low-level lapse rates could result in locally damaging wind gusts in
    the strongest cells.

    ...NY/New England...
    A surface cold front will sweep eastward across NY today.
    Thunderstorms are expected to form along the front by mid-afternoon
    over eastern Quebec and develop southward into central NY. A moist
    and unstable air mass is expected to be in place over the
    Hudson/Champlain Valleys, aiding a few strong storms capable of
    gusty winds and hail.

    ..Hart/Bentley.. 06/10/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jun 10 16:29:57 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 101629
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 101628

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1128 AM CDT Tue Jun 10 2025

    Valid 101630Z - 111200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS AFTERNOON AND
    EVENING ACROSS PARTS OF SOUTHEAST NM AND FAR WEST INTO CENTRAL TX...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are expected to develop this afternoon and evening
    across parts of far southeast New Mexico, far West Texas and the Rio
    Grande Valley. Marginally severe storms will be possible from parts
    of the southern Plains eastward into the lower Mississippi Valley,
    along parts of the Atlantic Coastal states, in northern
    California/southern Oregon and in parts of the northern Rockies.

    ...Central/East/Southeast TX...
    Recent satellite/radar imagery shows a decaying MCS across central
    TX. The airmass downstream across east/southeast TX is very moist,
    with dewpoints in the 70s, which will support strong buoyancy amid
    continued daytime, with MLCAPE likely over 2500 J/kg. However,
    vertical shear is weak and the general expectation is for the
    strength of the MCS to remain modest, with only limited re
    intensification anticipated. Any reintensification appears most
    likely along the northern portion of the MCS, where interaction with
    a warm-front-like boundary demarcating more tropical air is likely.
    This may lead to some forward propagation and an increased potential
    for a few locally stronger gusts.

    ...Southeast NM/Far West into Central TX This Afternoon/Evening... Easterly/southeasterly winds are expected to result in notable
    low-level moisture advection into the region throughout the day.
    This increased low-level moisture beneath steep mid-level lapse
    rates will support moderate to strong airmass destabilization amid
    daytime heating this afternoon. Low-level convergence and orographic
    ascent coupled with strengthening large-scale lift ahead of an
    approaching shortwave trough will foster severe thunderstorm
    development this afternoon across southeast NM and far west TX.
    Large to very large hail (3"+ in diameter) is the primary risk with
    the more cellular, early stage development. Upscale growth is then
    expected, with the resulting convective line progressing
    southeastward into the Edwards Plateau/central TX vicinity. The hail
    threat will persist, but strong wind gusts will become the primary
    risk once the linear mode dominates.

    ...Central Portions of the Southeast into Mid-Atlantic...
    Recent surface analysis places a weak trough from northern MS
    eastward through northern GA then northeastward across the Carolina
    Piedmont to a low over the Chesapeake Bay vicinity. This boundary
    will provide the impetus for scattered thunderstorm development as
    it gradually shifts southeastward as a more cold-front-like feature
    later this afternoon and evening. The downstream airmass will be
    moderately to strongly buoyant, but shear will be weak, leading to a predominantly disorganized multicellular mode. A few strong
    downbursts are possible as storms collapse and/or briefly surge as
    bowing line segments.

    ...Eastern FL Peninsula...
    Full daytime heating and dewpoints in the 70s will yield strong
    instability later this afternoon along the northeast and
    east-central FL peninsula, supporting scattered thunderstorm
    development. Weak but sufficient deep-layer shear and steep
    low-level lapse rates could result in locally damaging wind gusts in
    the strongest cells.

    ...New England...
    Recent surface analysis places a cold front from eastern Lake Erie southwestward through far western NY and PA, well to the west of the
    warm conveyor showers and thunderstorms currently ongoing across
    much of New England. Modest destabilization is anticipated ahead of
    the cold front, with scattered thunderstorm development anticipated
    along this boundary as it moves eastward this afternoon. Buoyancy
    will be modest, but strong mid-level flow and resulting strong shear
    should still support organized storm structures this
    afternoon/evening. Some isolated hail and/or damaging gusts are
    possible within the strongest updrafts.

    ...Pacific Northwest into the northern Rockies...
    Upper ridging will continue to dampen across the region while
    mid-level southwesterly/westerly flow aloft gradually strengthens
    ahead of an approaching low-amplitude shortwave trough. Orographic
    effects coupled with increasing mid-level moisture and modest
    large-scale ascent will support thunderstorms over the higher
    terrain, with some of these storms tracking eastward/northeastward
    into lower elevation areas. Greater lower elevation destabilization
    is anticipated the southern/southeast OR vicinity and the lee of
    northern Rockies in western/central MT. Damaging gusts are possible
    later this afternoon/evening as high-based storms moved into these
    regions. Some isolated hail may occur as well.

    ..Mosier/Thornton.. 06/10/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jun 10 19:57:56 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 101956
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 101955

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0255 PM CDT Tue Jun 10 2025

    Valid 102000Z - 111200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    SOUTHEAST NM AND FAR WEST INTO CENTRAL TX...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are expected to develop this afternoon and evening
    across parts of far southeast New Mexico, far West Texas and the Rio
    Grande Valley. Marginally severe storms will be possible from parts
    of the southern Plains eastward into the lower Mississippi Valley,
    along parts of the Atlantic Coastal states, in northern
    California/southern Oregon and in parts of the northern Rockies.

    ...20z Update...
    The previous forecast largely remains on track with only minor
    adjustments needed to account for recent convective trends. The
    greatest severe threat remains focused across southwest Texas where
    a few supercells continue to mature. Recent MRMS MESH estimates
    suggest hail between 1.5 to 2.5 inches may be ongoing with a couple
    of these cells, and the environment should remain supportive of
    significant hail through early evening prior to upscale growth into
    one or more propagating clusters. Additional attempts at initiation
    are noted in satellite imagery along the upper Rio Grande Valley,
    which should support increasing storm coverage and foster the
    anticipated upscale growth. See the previous discussion below for
    additional forecast details.

    ..Moore.. 06/10/2025

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1128 AM CDT Tue Jun 10 2025/

    ...Central/East/Southeast TX...
    Recent satellite/radar imagery shows a decaying MCS across central
    TX. The airmass downstream across east/southeast TX is very moist,
    with dewpoints in the 70s, which will support strong buoyancy amid
    continued daytime, with MLCAPE likely over 2500 J/kg. However,
    vertical shear is weak and the general expectation is for the
    strength of the MCS to remain modest, with only limited re
    intensification anticipated. Any reintensification appears most
    likely along the northern portion of the MCS, where interaction with
    a warm-front-like boundary demarcating more tropical air is likely.
    This may lead to some forward propagation and an increased potential
    for a few locally stronger gusts.

    ...Southeast NM/Far West into Central TX This Afternoon/Evening... Easterly/southeasterly winds are expected to result in notable
    low-level moisture advection into the region throughout the day.
    This increased low-level moisture beneath steep mid-level lapse
    rates will support moderate to strong airmass destabilization amid
    daytime heating this afternoon. Low-level convergence and orographic
    ascent coupled with strengthening large-scale lift ahead of an
    approaching shortwave trough will foster severe thunderstorm
    development this afternoon across southeast NM and far west TX.
    Large to very large hail (3"+ in diameter) is the primary risk with
    the more cellular, early stage development. Upscale growth is then
    expected, with the resulting convective line progressing
    southeastward into the Edwards Plateau/central TX vicinity. The hail
    threat will persist, but strong wind gusts will become the primary
    risk once the linear mode dominates.

    ...Central Portions of the Southeast into Mid-Atlantic...
    Recent surface analysis places a weak trough from northern MS
    eastward through northern GA then northeastward across the Carolina
    Piedmont to a low over the Chesapeake Bay vicinity. This boundary
    will provide the impetus for scattered thunderstorm development as
    it gradually shifts southeastward as a more cold-front-like feature
    later this afternoon and evening. The downstream airmass will be
    moderately to strongly buoyant, but shear will be weak, leading to a predominantly disorganized multicellular mode. A few strong
    downbursts are possible as storms collapse and/or briefly surge as
    bowing line segments.

    ...Eastern FL Peninsula...
    Full daytime heating and dewpoints in the 70s will yield strong
    instability later this afternoon along the northeast and
    east-central FL peninsula, supporting scattered thunderstorm
    development. Weak but sufficient deep-layer shear and steep
    low-level lapse rates could result in locally damaging wind gusts in
    the strongest cells.

    ...New England...
    Recent surface analysis places a cold front from eastern Lake Erie southwestward through far western NY and PA, well to the west of the
    warm conveyor showers and thunderstorms currently ongoing across
    much of New England. Modest destabilization is anticipated ahead of
    the cold front, with scattered thunderstorm development anticipated
    along this boundary as it moves eastward this afternoon. Buoyancy
    will be modest, but strong mid-level flow and resulting strong shear
    should still support organized storm structures this
    afternoon/evening. Some isolated hail and/or damaging gusts are
    possible within the strongest updrafts.

    ...Pacific Northwest into the northern Rockies...
    Upper ridging will continue to dampen across the region while
    mid-level southwesterly/westerly flow aloft gradually strengthens
    ahead of an approaching low-amplitude shortwave trough. Orographic
    effects coupled with increasing mid-level moisture and modest
    large-scale ascent will support thunderstorms over the higher
    terrain, with some of these storms tracking eastward/northeastward
    into lower elevation areas. Greater lower elevation destabilization
    is anticipated the southern/southeast OR vicinity and the lee of
    northern Rockies in western/central MT. Damaging gusts are possible
    later this afternoon/evening as high-based storms moved into these
    regions. Some isolated hail may occur as well.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jun 11 01:02:12 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 110101
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 110059

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0759 PM CDT Tue Jun 10 2025

    Valid 110100Z - 111200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE RIO GRANDE VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms associated with isolated large hail and damaging wind
    gusts are expected this evening across parts of the Rio Grande
    Valley. Marginally severe storms will be possible in parts of the
    southern Plains, central Gulf Coast states, and northwestern U.S.

    ...Rio Grande Valley/Southern Plains...
    A shortwave trough is evident on water vapor imagery over New
    Mexico. Ahead of the trough, a moist airmass is present over much of
    the southern Plains. The RAP suggests that moderate instability is
    confined to the Texas Coastal Plain and lower Rio Grande Valley,
    where surface dewpoints generally range from the upper 60s to mid
    70s F. A severe convective cluster is located near the northwestern
    edge of moderate instability in the vicinity of Del Rio. This area
    of convection will continue to move southeastward across southwest
    Texas this evening. The WSR-88D VWP at Del Rio has 0-6 km shear near
    25 knots. In addition, the RAP suggests that 700-500 mb lapse rates
    are between 7 and 7.5 C/km. This environment should be sufficient
    for an isolated severe threat. Organized line segments could be
    capable of isolated large hail and wind damage. The severe threat in
    the Rio Grande Valley may persist into the mid to late evening.

    Further to the east into parts of the southern Plains, convection
    associated with warm advection may develop later this evening into
    the tonight. This convection could pose a threat for hail and
    marginally severe wind gusts.

    ...Central Gulf Coast...
    A mid-level trough is evident on water vapor imagery over the
    Tennessee Valley and central Gulf Coast states. At the surface, a
    moist airmass is located from the lower Mississippi Valley eastward
    to the Atlantic Seaboard. Within this airmass, the RAP has an axis
    of moderate to strong instability analyzed from south-central
    Mississippi into central Alabama and central Georgia. Surface
    dewpoints near this axis are mostly in the lower 70s F. Although
    deep-layer shear is relatively weak along and near this instability
    axis, low-level lapse rates are steep. This could contribute to a
    marginal wind-damage threat early this evening.

    ...Northwestern States...
    A mid-level shortwave trough will approach the northern California
    coast this evening. Ahead of the trough, a somewhat moist airmass is
    present from northern California into southeastern Oregon, where
    scattered thunderstorms have developed this afternoon. Within this
    airmass, the RAP is estimating MLCAPE in the 250 to 500 J/kg range.
    Deep-layer shear appears to be relatively weak, with 0-6 km shear
    estimated to be between 20 and 30 knots. In spite of this, low to
    mid-level lapse rates are very steep. This could support a marginal
    wind-damage or hail threat for a couple more hours.

    ..Broyles.. 06/11/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jun 11 06:01:46 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 110601
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 110559

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1259 AM CDT Wed Jun 11 2025

    Valid 111200Z - 121200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    SOUHT-CENTRAL AND SOUTHEAST TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms associated with severe gusts and hail will be possible
    today across parts of the southern Plains and Sabine River Valley.
    Marginally severe storms will also be possible in parts of the Upper
    Midwest and northwestern states.

    ...Southern Plains/Sabine River Valley...
    At mid-levels, a shortwave trough will move eastward across the
    southern Plains today. Ahead of the trough, flow will be
    southwesterly across much of the eastern half of Texas. At the
    surface, a moist airmass will remain in place from the eastern Texas
    Hill Country eastward into the Sabine River Valley, where surface
    dewpoints will be in the lower to mid 70s F. Early in the period, a
    line of storms is expected to move eastward across this moist
    airmass. The line will likely lay out an outflow boundary across
    parts of the Texas Coastal Plain. To the south of this boundary,
    moderate instability is expected to develop by afternoon.
    Thunderstorm development will be most likely along and near the
    boundary during the mid to late afternoon, with multiple clusters of
    storms moving eastward across central and southeast Texas. RAP
    forecast soundings across the Texas Coastal Plain at 21Z have a
    MLCAPE peaking near 3000 J/kg, with 0-6 km shear around 30 knots.
    The environment should support a severe threat, associated with
    supercells and/or short bowing line segments. Wind damage will be
    the primary threat, although hail will also be possible.

    ...Northern Rockies/Northern High Plains...
    A shortwave trough will move across the northern Rockies today. At
    the surface, a moist airmass will be in place from the northern
    Rockies eastward into the northern High Plains. Destabilization will
    occur during the day across this airmass as surface temperatures
    warm. Models forecasts suggest that MLCAPE could reach 1000 J/kg in
    some areas. By early to mid afternoon, convection is expected to
    develop in the higher terrain, with storms moving eastward into the
    lower elevations. Forecast soundings across the region suggest that
    low to mid-level lapse rates will become very steep, and that
    moderate deep-layer shear will be present. For this reason, a threat
    for hail and isolated severe gusts will be possible, especially near
    and after peak heating.

    ...Upper Midwest...
    West-northwesterly mid-level flow will be in place today from the
    northern Plains eastward into the Upper Midwest. At the surface, a
    cold front will move slowly southward across the mid Missouri and
    upper Mississippi Valleys. This front will be a focus for convective development today. To the south of the front, surface dewpoints in
    the 60s F will likely contribute to moderate instability by
    afternoon. Although deep-layer shear will be relatively weak,
    low-level lapse rates are forecast to become very steep, locally
    exceeding 9 C/km in some areas. Thunderstorms that develop on the
    warm side of the boundary where lapse rates are maximized could
    develop a threat for isolated damaging wind gusts and hail.

    ..Broyles/Squitieri.. 06/11/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jun 11 12:17:46 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 111217
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 111216

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0716 AM CDT Wed Jun 11 2025

    Valid 111300Z - 121200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS AFTERNOON AND
    EVENING OVER PORTIONS OF EAST TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms associated with severe gusts and hail will be possible
    today across parts of Texas. Marginally severe storms will also be
    possible in parts of the Upper Midwest and northwestern states.

    ...Southeast TX...
    Multiple clusters of thunderstorms are affecting areas from
    north-central to deep south TX this morning. These storms are
    drifting slowly eastward and will likely weaken through
    late-morning. By mid-afternoon, redevelopment of strong
    thunderstorms is expected along residual outflow boundaries and a quasi-stationary front that extends from east TX into LA. The
    scenario for organized severe thunderstorms in this region is
    nebulous, but forecast soundings show pockets of favorable
    environment for hail and gusty winds.

    ...MN/IA...
    A compact convectively-enhanced shortwave trough is present this
    morning over SD. This feature will track eastward today, with most
    CAM solutions suggesting a small cluster of thunderstorms moving
    from southeast SD eastward along the MN/IA border. Sufficient
    afternoon CAPE and steep low-level lapse rates will probably be
    sufficient for a few strong wind gusts and perhaps some hail with
    these storms. Some consideration was given to a small SLGT risk in
    this zone, but will defer to later outlook updates.

    ...Northern Great Basin/Rockies...
    A well-defined shortwave trough is moving across OR/NV. Increasing
    large-scale lift and mid-level moisture will aid in the development
    of scattered afternoon/evening thunderstorms from ID eastward across
    much of MT/WY/northern UT. The strongest storms will pose a risk of
    locally damaging wind gusts and perhaps hail.

    ..Hart/Bentley.. 06/11/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jun 11 16:41:50 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 111641
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 111640

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1140 AM CDT Wed Jun 11 2025

    Valid 111630Z - 121200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS
    CENTRAL/EAST TEXAS AND PARTS OF THE MIDWEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms associated with severe wind gusts and hail are
    possible today across parts of Texas and the Upper Midwest.
    Marginally severe storms will also be possible in parts of the
    northern Intermountain region/northern High Plains and the Mid-Atlantic/Carolinas.

    ...Central/East Texas...
    A complex/muddled mesoscale scenario exists regionally owing to a
    decayed but lingering MCS across east/southeast Texas and multiple
    lingering convectively enhanced MCVs in proximity to a
    weak/slow-moving upper trough. Some supercell potential exists today
    across East Texas and vicinity, with redevelopment expected later
    today into tonight back west/southwest into central/south-central
    Texas. Where air mass recovery/destabilization occurs, lingering
    convectively enhanced flow field could support some supercells and well-organized clusters capable of damaging winds, hail, and
    possibly a tornado risk, pending a sustenance of moderately strong
    winds in the lowest 2-3km AGL and possible outflow/
    boundary-interaction factors.

    ...Upper Midwest including northern IA/southern MN/southern WI...
    Have introduced a near-frontal-zone focused categorical Slight Risk
    for an anticipated severe hail/wind risk expected later this
    afternoon through early/mid-evening. This will be ahead of a convectively-enhanced shortwave trough, with moderately strong
    westerlies atop the west/east-oriented frontal zone. While low-level
    moisture will not be robust by late-spring standards, steep lapse
    rates and moderately strong buoyancy will support potentially severe
    storms.

    ...Northern Great Basin/Rockies...
    A readily evident shortwave trough in late-morning water vapor
    imagery over southeast Oregon/northern Nevada and southwest Idaho
    will continue east-northeastward today, reaching the northern High
    Plains late tonight. Increasing forcing for ascent and mid-level
    moisture will aid in the development of scattered afternoon/evening thunderstorms, particularly from Idaho eastward across much of
    Montana/Wyoming and northern Utah. The strongest storms will pose a
    risk of severe-caliber wind gusts and some hail.

    ...Eastern Carolinas/southeast Virginia...
    A moist/moderately unstable environment and modest-strength vertical
    shear will support some potential for locally damaging winds and
    hail until around sunset. See Mesoscale Discussion 1249 for
    additional short-term details.

    ..Guyer/Thornton.. 06/11/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jun 11 19:59:19 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 111959
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 111957

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0257 PM CDT Wed Jun 11 2025

    Valid 112000Z - 121200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS
    CENTRAL/EAST TEXAS AND PARTS OF THE MIDWEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms associated with severe wind gusts and hail are
    possible today across parts of Texas and the Upper Midwest.
    Marginally severe storms will also be possible in parts of the
    northern Intermountain region/northern High Plains and the Mid-Atlantic/Carolinas.

    ...20z Update...
    The previous forecast remains on track with only minor adjustments
    needed to account for recent convective trends. Latest surface
    observations/RAP mesoanalysis shows fairly stable conditions across
    the TX Coastal Plain in the wake of the MCS currently approaching
    the Sabine River. However, lingering low-level moisture coupled with
    increasing ascent/cooler temperatures aloft associated with the
    approaching mid-level trough should promote thunderstorm development
    across the TX Slight risk area late tonight into early Thursday
    morning. Latest forecast guidance and soundings continue to hint at
    the potential for strong/severe storms, so opted to maintain current
    risk categories despite the limited severe threat in the short-term.

    ..Moore.. 06/11/2025

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1140 AM CDT Wed Jun 11 2025/

    ...Central/East Texas...
    A complex/muddled mesoscale scenario exists regionally owing to a
    decayed but lingering MCS across east/southeast Texas and multiple
    lingering convectively enhanced MCVs in proximity to a
    weak/slow-moving upper trough. Some supercell potential exists today
    across East Texas and vicinity, with redevelopment expected later
    today into tonight back west/southwest into central/south-central
    Texas. Where air mass recovery/destabilization occurs, lingering
    convectively enhanced flow field could support some supercells and well-organized clusters capable of damaging winds, hail, and
    possibly a tornado risk, pending a sustenance of moderately strong
    winds in the lowest 2-3km AGL and possible outflow/
    boundary-interaction factors.

    ...Upper Midwest including northern IA/southern MN/southern WI...
    Have introduced a near-frontal-zone focused categorical Slight Risk
    for an anticipated severe hail/wind risk expected later this
    afternoon through early/mid-evening. This will be ahead of a convectively-enhanced shortwave trough, with moderately strong
    westerlies atop the west/east-oriented frontal zone. While low-level
    moisture will not be robust by late-spring standards, steep lapse
    rates and moderately strong buoyancy will support potentially severe
    storms.

    ...Northern Great Basin/Rockies...
    A readily evident shortwave trough in late-morning water vapor
    imagery over southeast Oregon/northern Nevada and southwest Idaho
    will continue east-northeastward today, reaching the northern High
    Plains late tonight. Increasing forcing for ascent and mid-level
    moisture will aid in the development of scattered afternoon/evening thunderstorms, particularly from Idaho eastward across much of
    Montana/Wyoming and northern Utah. The strongest storms will pose a
    risk of severe-caliber wind gusts and some hail.

    ...Eastern Carolinas/southeast Virginia...
    A moist/moderately unstable environment and modest-strength vertical
    shear will support some potential for locally damaging winds and
    hail until around sunset. See Mesoscale Discussion 1249 for
    additional short-term details.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jun 12 01:02:27 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 120101
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 120100

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0800 PM CDT Wed Jun 11 2025

    Valid 120100Z - 121200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS EVENING
    ACROSS PARTS OF NORTHEASTERN IOWA INTO ADJACENT SOUTHWESTERN
    WISCONSIN AND NORTHWESTERN ILLINOIS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorm activity may still increase across parts of central
    Texas, toward the upper Texas coastal plain, tonight accompanied by
    at least some risk for severe weather. Otherwise, ongoing
    thunderstorm development elsewhere is expected to generally wane by
    mid to late evening.

    ...01Z Update...

    ...Midwest...
    Convection with small cluster which has evolved along a stalled
    frontal zone across northeastern Iowa remains strong. However, it
    appears that forcing associated with a supporting mid-level
    perturbation is beginning to shift east of the Upper Midwest into
    Great Lakes, where the environment along the frontal zone becomes
    less unstable and will trend more stable with the loss of daytime
    heating. As this occurs, storms are expected to generally diminish
    in intensity this evening across northeastern Iowa through southern Wisconsin/northern Illinois.

    ...Northern Intermountain Region and Rockies...
    Downstream of a weak mid-level trough progressing eastward into the
    northern Rockies, stronger convection is now spreading in a swath
    across south central Montana and northern Wyoming. Instability is
    weak due to limited low-level moisture, but steep
    lower/mid-tropospheric lapse rates, including a modestly heated and
    deeply mixed boundary layer, are contributing to the generation of
    strong to severe gusts with the most vigorous storms. This should
    begin to wane as low-level lapse rates stabilize with the onset of boundary-layer cooling.

    ...Texas...
    Within slow moving, weak mid-level troughing, a digging
    smaller-scale perturbation is supporting increasing thunderstorm
    development near/west of the I-35 corridor of central Texas. In
    the presence of 10-20 kt westerly to southwesterly deep-layer mean
    flow, it appears that instability and large-scale forcing for ascent
    will be sufficient to support a further increase in convection
    through 04-06Z, which probably will tend to slowly advect across and
    east of the I-35 corridor.

    It appears that low-level warm advection/convergence focused along a
    remnant frontal zone near/north of the San Antonio/Austin area could
    support an upscale growing cluster, perhaps aided by inflow of
    seasonably moist air becoming characterized by CAPE in excess of
    2000 J/kg. This may be accompanied by at least some increase in
    potential for strong to severe gusts associated with a developing
    cold pool while spreading toward the upper Texas coast overnight.
    However, given the initial weakness of the ambient mean flow/shear
    and lack of steeper lower/mid-tropospheric lapse rates, the severe
    threat appears conditioned on strong convective augmentation of the
    wind fields, which seems relatively low in probability.

    ..Kerr.. 06/12/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jun 12 05:52:37 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 120552
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 120550

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1250 AM CDT Thu Jun 12 2025

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS TODAY INTO
    TONIGHT ACROSS PARTS OF THE GREAT PLAINS...THE UPPER
    MIDWEST...SOUTHEASTERN TEXAS INTO THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY AND
    PARTS OF THE NORTHERN MID ATLANTIC...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered areas of strong thunderstorm development are possible
    today into tonight, accompanied by potential for severe hail and
    wind across parts of the Great Plains, the Upper Midwest, the Texas
    coastal plains into lower Mississippi Valley and a small portion of
    the northern Mid Atlantic.

    ...Discussion...
    Split westerlies across the mid- and higher latitudes of the eastern
    Pacific into North America include broad, weak troughing across the northeastern Pacific into British Columbia and the Pacific
    Northwest. Models suggest that this cyclonic flow may undergo some amplification later today through tonight, as an embedded short wave perturbation pivots into the Pacific Northwest, to the south of a
    slow moving low near/offshore of the northern British Columbia
    coast.

    Downstream, short wave ridging is forecast to shift across the
    Canadian Prairies and east of the northern U.S. Rockies. However,
    it appears a residual belt of (relatively) stronger flow will linger
    above a stalled frontal zone across parts of the middle Missouri
    Valley, into a confluent regime across the northern Mid Atlantic, to
    the south of large-scale mid/upper troughing across the eastern
    Canadian provinces.

    It appears that seasonably high moisture content will largely remain
    confined to the southern mid- and subtropical latitudes, where
    ridging will remain suppressed, but westerlies will remain modest to
    weak. One larger-scale trough within this regime is forecast to
    slowly shift east of the southern Great Plains and northwest Gulf
    coast, toward the Mississippi Valley today through tonight.

    ...Northern Rockies into Upper Midwest...
    Despite seasonably modest boundary-layer moisture, models indicate
    that lower/mid-tropospheric lapse will become sufficiently steep to
    support at least pockets of mixed-layer CAPE in excess of 1000 J/kg, along/south of the stalled frontal zone across the Big Horns and
    Black Hills vicinity into the Upper Midwest, and within lee surface
    troughing across/northeast of the Cheyenne Ridge. Aided by forcing
    for ascent and shear associated with a couple of smaller scale
    mid-level perturbations/speed maxima (40-50+ kt at 500 mb)
    progressing through the belt of westerly flow, the environment may
    become conducive to organized convective development this afternoon
    and evening. This may include widely scattered supercells and small
    upscale growing clusters posing a risk for severe hail and wind.

    ...Northern Mid Atlantic...
    The development of mixed-layer CAPE on the order of 1000-2000 J/kg
    also appears possible with daytime heating of a moistening
    boundary-layer, along the southern slopes of the higher terrain of
    north central through northeastern Pennsylvania by late this
    afternoon. Although forcing for ascent to support thunderstorm
    initiation remains unclear, deep-layer shear beneath the southern
    fringe of seasonably strong westerlies will likely be conditionally
    supportive of organized convection capable of producing severe hail
    and wind, before the instability wanes late this evening.

    ...Southern Rockies into adjacent Great Plains...
    Downstream of the large-scale mid/upper troughing developing inland
    of the Pacific coast, models indicate a generally weak but difluent
    downstream flow will prevail across the southern Rockies. There is
    a notable signal within the model output that forcing for ascent
    will become supportive of widespread thunderstorm development along
    the Front Range and Sangre de Cristo Mountains by mid to late
    afternoon. Although propagation off the higher terrain will
    probably be initially slow, due to modest downstream
    destabilization, model forecast soundings indicate that a warm and
    deeply mixed boundary layer will become supportive of a few strong
    downbursts to the lee of the higher terrain. Consolidating and
    strengthening outflow may support strengthening surface cold pools
    with a continuing risk of strong to severe gusts into portions of
    the adjacent high plains through this evening.

    ...Texas Coastal Plains into lower Mississippi Valley...
    An increase in thunderstorm development gradually continues across
    and east of the I-35 corridor of central Texas, aided by forcing for
    ascent associated with a short wave impulse progressing through the
    weak larger-scale mid-level trough. It appears that this will
    continue into the Texas coastal plain, where inflow of seasonably
    high moisture content characterized by sizable CAPE may support
    considerable gradual further intensification through 12Z.

    To differing degrees, the various model output suggests that this
    may be accompanied by a developing lower/mid-tropospheric cyclonic
    circulation, and associated augmentation of the wind fields, that
    will tend to advect north-northeastward toward the Ozark Plateau/Mid
    South today. Preceded by a developing corridor of moderately large
    CAPE with daytime heating, it is possible that the environment could
    become conducive to organizing convection with potential to produce
    strong to severe surface gusts, and perhaps potential for a couple
    of brief tornadoes.

    ..Kerr/Squitieri.. 06/12/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jun 12 12:42:56 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 121242
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 121241

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0741 AM CDT Thu Jun 12 2025

    Valid 121300Z - 131200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS AFTERNOON AND
    EVENING FOR PARTS OF NEBRASKA AND SOUTH DAKOTA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered areas of strong thunderstorm development are possible
    today into tonight, accompanied by potential for severe hail and
    wind across parts of the Great Plains, the Upper Midwest, the Texas
    coastal plains into lower Mississippi Valley and a small portion of
    the northern Mid Atlantic.

    ...NE/SD...
    Morning water vapor imagery shows a shortwave trough over eastern
    MT, with a mid-level speed max tracking across WY. Large-scale lift
    associated with the jet max will overspread parts of NE/SD by late
    afternoon along a stalled surface boundary. At least widely
    scattered thunderstorm activity is expected for a few hours (mainly
    21-03z), with forecast soundings suggesting sufficient deep-layer
    shear for a few organized/rotating cells. Locally damaging winds
    and hail are possible. Overnight CAM guidance has shown consistency
    on the corridor most likely to see storms, so have added a narrow
    SLGT to cover this threat.

    ...East TX/LA/AR...
    An upper trough is located over central TX, where widespread
    thunderstorms are ongoing this morning. A few of these storms have
    shown supercell tendencies overnight. Model guidance and local VAD
    data suggest a region of enhanced low/mid level flow to the east of
    the upper trough, extending from central into northeast TX. As the
    trough moves northeastward today, the combination of a very moist
    and modestly unstable air mass, sufficient low/deep layer shear, and considerable coverage of thunderstorms, will contribute to a risk of
    a few locally damaging wind gusts and/or tornadoes. Will maintain
    MRGL risk for today due to widespread clouds and limited opportunity
    for heating.

    ...GA/SC/NC...
    Strong heating is expected today across parts of GA/SC/NC, where
    temperatures in the upper 80s and dewpoints near 70F are forecast.
    This will lead to widespread moderate CAPE values and the
    development scattered afternoon thunderstorms. Vertical shear is
    weak, but a few weakly organized thunderstorm clusters may reach
    severe intensity with gusty/damaging winds.

    ..Hart/Bentley.. 06/12/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jun 17 12:59:52 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 171259
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 171258

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0758 AM CDT Tue Jun 17 2025

    Valid 171300Z - 181200Z

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    KANSAS AND NORTHERN OKLAHOMA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms producing numerous to widespread damaging
    winds, scattered large hail (isolated 2+ inches), and a few
    tornadoes are expected today across parts of the central/southern
    Plains and lower/mid Missouri Valley. The greatest threat for
    destructive gusts up to 70-100 mph is forecast across portions of
    Kansas and northern Oklahoma.

    ...Central/Southern Plains into the Lower/Mid Missouri Valley...
    A small but intense bow echo that moved south-southeastward across
    parts of KS overnight should continue to weaken this morning across
    northeast OK. But in the short term, an isolated threat for severe
    winds may continue until the cluster fully dissipates. Across
    eastern CO, occasional severe hail may occur with marginal
    supercells for another hour or two before additional weakening
    occurs. The net effect of this overnight/early morning convection on
    the severe potential across the southern/central Plains remains
    uncertain. But, a trailing outflow boundary from the decaying MCS
    now in northeast OK may prove instrumental in focusing significant
    severe potential this afternoon/evening.

    A subtle mid-level shortwave trough over the eastern Great Basin and
    central Rockies will continue to move eastward over the adjacent central/southern High Plains by this evening. At the surface,
    further deepening of a low over southeast CO is anticipated through
    the day, with this low forecast to develop into the TX Panhandle by
    early evening. A lee trough/dryline will extend southward from this
    low, while a convectively reinforced boundary should extend
    somewhere along/near the KS/OK border by mid to late afternoon, and
    potentially northeastward into eastern KS as well. The airmass
    across east-central CO into western KS was generally not
    convectively overturned yesterday into early this morning, with the
    12Z sounding from DDC still showing around 2800 J/kg of MUCAPE
    available.

    Convective development and evolution remain uncertain later today.
    Still, it appears likely that initially high-based thunderstorms
    will develop over the higher terrain of central CO this afternoon,
    and then spread east-southeastward over the adjacent High Plains
    through the evening. Much of eastern CO and vicinity will be in a
    post-frontal regime. But steep mid-level lapse rates and sufficient
    low-level moisture should support the development of moderate
    instability. Strong deep-layer shear should foster supercells
    initially, with associated threat for mainly large to isolated very
    large hail. Some upscale growth may eventually occur with this
    activity as it spreads into western KS this evening, along with an
    increased threat for severe/damaging winds.

    Farther east into central/eastern KS and MO, severe potential
    remains highly uncertain, with a myriad of possible solutions
    offered by various high-resolution guidance. In general, current
    expectations are for an increasing threat for numerous to
    potentially widespread severe/damaging winds across parts of KS into
    northern OK, with one or more intense clusters potentially
    developing in tandem with a strengthening low-level jet this evening
    across the southern/central Plains. Significant severe gusts of 75+
    mph remain possible, along with a few tornadoes with any sustained
    supercells along/near the boundary this evening as low-level shear
    strengthens. Overall, severe probabilities have been expanded
    southward some across the OK/TX Panhandles and northern/central OK,
    in an attempt to account for where the outflow boundary/front may be
    present this afternoon/evening. Additional adjustments to risk areas
    are likely with later outlook updates pending additional
    observational and model data.

    ...Mid-Atlantic into the Tennessee Valley/Southeast...
    Diurnal heating of a seasonally moist low-level airmass will occur
    today across the central Appalachians/southern Mid-Atlantic within a
    modestly sheared environment. Thunderstorms are expected to develop
    over higher terrain by early afternoon, and subsequently spread
    eastward through the evening. Some of this activity may form into
    loosely organized clusters. Occasional strong/damaging winds should
    be the main severe threat with this activity, particularly across
    parts of VA/MD where stronger instability is forecast.

    Farther south into the TN Valley/Southeast, a weak mid/upper-level
    trough with multiple embedded perturbations should advance slowly
    eastward through the day. Similar to yesterday, daytime heating of a
    moist airmass should foster moderate to locally strong instability
    this afternoon. Around 25-30 kt of mid-level southwesterly flow and
    similar values of deep-layer shear should support some loose
    convective organization with multiple thunderstorm clusters that can
    develop. Have expanded the Marginal Risk for isolated damaging winds southwestward to account for this potential.

    ..Gleason/Kerr.. 06/17/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jun 17 16:20:49 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 171619
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 171618

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1118 AM CDT Tue Jun 17 2025

    Valid 171630Z - 181200Z

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS AFTERNOON
    AND EVENING ACROSS PARTS OF SOUTHERN KANSAS AND NORTHERN OKLAHOMA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms producing numerous to widespread damaging
    winds, scattered large hail (isolated 2+ inches), and a few
    tornadoes are expected this afternoon and evening across parts of
    the central/southern Plains. The greatest threat for destructive
    gusts up to 70-100 mph is forecast across portions of southern
    Kansas and northern Oklahoma.

    ...KS/OK...
    Overnight and morning thunderstorm activity has significantly
    changed the overall forecast for severe storms across the central
    Plains for today. A severe MCS overspread parts of southeast KS and
    northeast OK a few hours ago, pushing an outflow boundary southward
    into central OK. Strong heating is occurring to the north of this
    boundary, where rapid destabilization is expected this afternoon
    across northern OK/southern KS. A consensus of 12z model guidance
    shows this to be the corridor of rapid and intense thunderstorm
    development. Forecast soundings show substantial low-level shear,
    steep lapse rates, and sufficient winds aloft for supercells capable
    of very large hail and a few tornadoes. Relatively warm
    temperatures in the 850-700mb layer are a negative factor for a
    greater tornado concern. Through the evening, congealing outflows
    will likely result in a larger MCS posing a risk of widespread
    damaging wind gusts into northeast OK and perhaps parts of northwest AR/southwest MO.

    ...Eastern CO/Southeast WY...
    Overnight storms also impacted the forecast for this region today.
    Easterly low-level winds (enhanced by outflow) have transported
    moisture westward into the foothills, where rapid thunderstorm
    development is expected by early afternoon. Steep mid-level lapse
    rates and seasonably cool mid-level temperatures, coupled with
    sufficiently strong westerly flow aloft, will promote a risk of very
    large hail in the strongest storms. A tornado or two is also
    possible. It is unclear how far east this activity can make it into
    the adjacent Plains, where persistent low-clouds and more stable
    conditions will likely prevail. Refer to MCD #1330 for further
    details.

    ..Hart/Wendt.. 06/17/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jun 17 20:01:28 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 172001
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 172000

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0300 PM CDT Tue Jun 17 2025

    Valid 172000Z - 181200Z

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF NORTHERN OKLAHOMA AND SOUTHERN KANSAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms producing numerous to widespread damaging
    winds, scattered large hail (isolated 2+ inches), and a few
    tornadoes are expected this afternoon and evening across parts of
    the central/southern Plains. The greatest threat for destructive
    gusts up to 70-100 mph is forecast across portions of southern
    Kansas and northern Oklahoma.

    ...20z Update Southern Plains...
    A convective reinforced outflow boundary across west-central KS
    continues to slowly push southward across southwest portions of the
    state to near the OK border. This boundary will likely serve as the
    focus for robust convective development this afternoon and evening,
    as indicated by elevated development farther east. To the north of
    the primary surface heating, this initial activity may quickly grow
    upscale into one or more clusters before spreading southeast and
    becoming more surface-based with time. Large to very large hail,
    damaging gusts and some tornado risk are likely with these storms.

    Across northwest OK, and the northeastern TX Panhandle, additional,
    more isolated storms are likely this afternoon along the southern
    most modified outflow and pseudo-triple point area. Surface obs and
    18z AMA/LMN RAOBs show substantial low-level shear, large buoyancy
    and favorable deep-layer shear for supercells capable of very large
    hail and a few tornadoes across northern OK and far southern KS.
    Current expectations are still that initially cellular convection
    will rapidly develop and pose a severe risk through the afternoon,
    before growing upscale as it interacts with additional storms over
    KS this evening. One or more organized bows/clusters, capable of
    very strong damaging gusts, hail and a couple of tornadoes are
    likely this evening. Will maintain the MDT risk with minimal
    trimming on the northwest side near the advancing outflow.

    ...Southeast to the Mid Atlantic...
    Several clusters of strong to occasional severe storms are ongoing
    and expected to continue this afternoon/evening. Moderate buoyancy
    within a very moist air mass could support occasional damaging gusts
    from heavily water-loaded downdrafts. Some degree of organization
    into loose clusters could continue, especially across AL where
    storms have shown slightly stronger cold pools. However, the overall
    potential for storm organization is low with vertical shear
    remaining quite weak. The severe risk should begin to weaken through
    the early evening. Some minor trimming was made to the severe
    probabilities along the western edge of the MRGL.

    ...Rockies...
    Scattered severe storms, including a few supercells, will continue
    this afternoon. Confidence is highest in the severe threat remaining
    near the I-25 corridor where more substantial heating has taken
    place. Hail remains the primary risk, though a few damaging gusts
    and a brief tornado remain possible.

    ..Lyons.. 06/17/2025

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1118 AM CDT Tue Jun 17 2025/

    ...KS/OK...
    Overnight and morning thunderstorm activity has significantly
    changed the overall forecast for severe storms across the central
    Plains for today. A severe MCS overspread parts of southeast KS and
    northeast OK a few hours ago, pushing an outflow boundary southward
    into central OK. Strong heating is occurring to the north of this
    boundary, where rapid destabilization is expected this afternoon
    across northern OK/southern KS. A consensus of 12z model guidance
    shows this to be the corridor of rapid and intense thunderstorm
    development. Forecast soundings show substantial low-level shear,
    steep lapse rates, and sufficient winds aloft for supercells capable
    of very large hail and a few tornadoes. Relatively warm
    temperatures in the 850-700mb layer are a negative factor for a
    greater tornado concern. Through the evening, congealing outflows
    will likely result in a larger MCS posing a risk of widespread
    damaging wind gusts into northeast OK and perhaps parts of northwest AR/southwest MO.

    ...Eastern CO/Southeast WY...
    Overnight storms also impacted the forecast for this region today.
    Easterly low-level winds (enhanced by outflow) have transported
    moisture westward into the foothills, where rapid thunderstorm
    development is expected by early afternoon. Steep mid-level lapse
    rates and seasonably cool mid-level temperatures, coupled with
    sufficiently strong westerly flow aloft, will promote a risk of very
    large hail in the strongest storms. A tornado or two is also
    possible. It is unclear how far east this activity can make it into
    the adjacent Plains, where persistent low-clouds and more stable
    conditions will likely prevail. Refer to MCD #1330 for further
    details.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jun 18 00:58:57 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 180058
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 180057

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0757 PM CDT Tue Jun 17 2025

    Valid 180100Z - 181200Z

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS FAR
    SOUTHERN KANSAS AND NORTHERN OKLAHOMA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms producing swaths of damaging gusts (some
    greater than 80 mph), large hail (isolated 2+ inches), and a couple
    tornadoes are possible through tonight, especially across parts of
    southern Kansas and northern Oklahoma.

    ...KS/OK/MO vicinity...

    One or more thunderstorm clusters/small bows are still forecast to
    develop and shift east across the outlook area through tonight as a
    surface front/composite outflow begins to develop southeast.
    Thunderstorm coverage has recently increased across portions of
    central KS, likely in response to a strengthening low-level jet
    noted in regional VWP data over the last hour. Where strong heating
    has occurred and dewpoints remain in the upper 60s to low 70s F,
    intense convection is still possible. Isolated significant gusts
    remain possible, supported by the 00z OUN RAOB showing midlevel
    lapse rates near 8.5 C/km amid 3500 J/kg MLCAPE. The Moderate risk
    (level 4 of 5) has been trimmed on the north and western edges and
    confined to a thin strip of southern KS into northern OK where the
    surface outflow is located along with the stronger instability
    gradient. This corridor should have the greatest risk for
    significant severe thunderstorms into the nighttime hours.

    ...WY/CO into NE...

    Severe potential has waned across the High Plains this evening, with
    some lingering risk for hail and gusty winds across parts of NE.
    Overall severe potential should continue to gradually wane through
    the evening and severe probabilities have been reduced where
    boundary layer stabilization has occurred and instability has
    weakened.

    ...Southeast to Mid-Atlantic...

    Isolated strong gusts of 40-50 mph remain possible for another hour
    or two, particularly across parts of NC/SC where a couple of forward propagating clusters persists. However, weak shear and a nocturnally stabilizing boundary layer should result in a gradual weakening
    trend.

    ..Leitman.. 06/18/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jun 18 05:30:00 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 180529
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 180528

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1228 AM CDT Wed Jun 18 2025

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM SOUTHEAST
    MISSOURI INTO SOUTHERN LOWER MICHIGAN AND WESTERN OHIO...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong to severe storms are expected today from parts of southern
    Missouri northeastward into southern lower Michigan and western
    Ohio. Damaging winds, isolated hail, and a few tornadoes will be
    possible. More isolated severe storms may develop across the
    southern Plains.

    ...Midwest/Southern Great Lakes...

    A shortwave upper trough is forecast to move across the Mid-MS
    Valley and Midwest today. A swath of enhanced deep-layer
    southwesterly flow ahead of this feature will overspread portions of
    the Ozarks to the Ohio Valley and southern Great Lakes ahead of a
    surface front. A seasonally warm and moist airmass ahead of the
    front/composite outflow will support moderate destabilization. A
    surface low/MCV will develop northeast across central/northern IL to
    southern Lower MI during the afternoon into early evening. The
    current expectation is that thunderstorms will develop ahead of the
    surface low and front, with a mix of clusters and line segments.
    Midlevel lapse rates will remain modest, but isolated large hail is
    possible. More likely, damaging gusts will be the main hazard as
    linear convection develops ahead of the front. Tornado potential is
    possible near the surface low from portions of northeast IL into
    northern IN/southern Lower MI where low-level shear may be
    maximized. However, forecast guidance varies considerable regarding
    this scenario, so will maintain 5 percent tornado probabilities at
    this time.

    ...TX/OK to the Mid-South...

    A very moist and unstable airmass will be in place across the
    region. A northeast to southwest oriented outflow boundary related
    to an MCS that is currently ongoing across northern OK as of 06z
    this morning will be draped across the Red River/southern OK
    vicinity into the Ozarks. Isolated to scattered thunderstorms are
    expected to develop diurnally. Large-scale ascent will be nebulous,
    but supercell wind profiles and strong instability/steep lapse rates
    will support isolated damaging wind and hail potential.

    ...Northern Plains...

    Modest boundary layer moisture beneath steep midlevel lapse rates
    will support weak diurnal destabilization. Increasing
    west/northwesterly flow with height will provide sufficient shear
    for some storm organization and elongated/straight hodographs are
    indicated in forecast soundings. Furthermore, a deeply mixed
    boundary layer is evident. This should support isolated hail and
    strong gusts during the afternoon/early evening.

    ...Mid-Atlantic...

    Strong heating of a very moist airmass will support moderate
    destabilization. Deep-layer westerly flow will remain somewhat weak,
    but sufficient for multicell clusters. Strong gusts may accompany
    this activity.

    ..Leitman/Weinman.. 06/18/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jun 18 12:57:22 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 181256
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 181254

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0754 AM CDT Wed Jun 18 2025

    Valid 181300Z - 191200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    SOUTHEAST MISSOURI INTO SOUTHERN/EASTERN ILLINOIS...WESTERN KENTUCKY...INDIANA...WESTERN OHIO...AND SOUTHERN LOWER MICHIGAN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are expected today from parts of southern
    Missouri northeastward to the southern Great Lakes. Scattered to
    numerous damaging winds, isolated large hail, and a few tornadoes
    all appear possible. Strong to severe thunderstorms may also develop
    across parts of the southern Plains, northern Plains/Upper Midwest,
    and Mid-Atlantic.

    ...Mid Mississippi/Ohio Valleys to the Southern Great Lakes...
    Embedded within large-scale upper troughing, a well-defined MCV
    evident on radar and visible satellite imagery over MO this morning
    will quickly advance northeastward today across the mid MS Valley
    into the Midwest, and eventually the southern Great Lakes this
    evening. This feature will likely aid robust thunderstorm
    development across parts of eastern IL into IN and vicinity by late morning/early afternoon. Sufficient low-level and deep-layer shear
    will exist across the Midwest for updraft organization, including
    supercells. However, convection may quickly become linear; so, it
    remains unclear how long a supercell hail/tornado threat will exist. Regardless, filtered daytime heating of a rather moist low-level
    airmass will aid the development of at least moderate instability
    downstream of any convection that develops.

    With 40-50 kt of low/mid-level southwesterly flow forecast across
    parts of the mid MS Valley into the OH Valley/Midwest and steepening
    low-level lapse rates through the day, scattered to perhaps numerous
    damaging winds appear likely with organized clusters/bows spreading east-northeastward across these regions through the afternoon and
    early evening. The severe wind threat should extend as far north as
    parts of southern Lower MI, along/near a surface front. Some risk
    for line-embedded tornadoes may also exist. By mid to late evening,
    these clusters should gradually weaken as they continue eastward
    into a less unstable environment across the OH Valley. But, they may
    still pose some threat for damaging winds for as long as they can
    remain surface based.

    ...Southern Plains to the Mid-South...
    Ongoing convection across central OK may continue to pose an
    isolated hail/wind threat in the short term this morning, before
    eventually weakening as the nocturnal low-level jet aiding this
    activity slowly subsides. In the wake of these early-day
    thunderstorms, ample daytime heating of a seasonably moist airmass
    is anticipated along/south of a convectively reinforced cold front,
    with moderate to strong instability expected. The southern Plains
    will be on the southern periphery of upper troughing across the
    mid/upper MS Valley today, but enhanced mid-level winds should still
    be present from parts of OK eastward into AR and the Mid-South.

    Multiple bands/clusters should form this afternoon along/south of
    the front in a favorable thermodynamic environment given the
    continued presence of steep mid-level lapse rates, especially across
    OK/TX. While deep-layer shear is not forecast to be overly strong,
    it should still be sufficient for updraft organization, including
    the potential for a few supercells. Initial development this
    afternoon may pose more of a severe hail threat, before clustering
    occurs and the risk for severe/damaging winds increases with
    eastward/southward extent later in the afternoon and continuing into
    the evening.

    ...Northern Plains/Upper Midwest...
    Behind upper troughing over the mid/upper MS Valley, northwesterly
    mid-level flow around 25-40 kt should be present today over portions
    of the northern Plains and Upper Midwest. Low-level moisture is
    expected to remain fairly limited, with surface dewpoints mostly in
    the 50s. Even so, steepened low/mid-level lapse rates are
    anticipated through the afternoon, along with weak to moderate
    instability. While large-scale ascent should remain weak, widely
    scattered thunderstorms may still form and spread
    east-southeastward, with some threat for isolated severe wind gusts
    and marginally severe hail this afternoon and early evening. Modest
    deep-layer shear should keep the overall severe threat fairly isolated/marginal.

    ...Mid-Atlantic...
    Within modestly enhanced mid-level southwesterly flow, an embedded
    weak perturbation is forecast move northeastward today from the southern/central Appalachians across the southern Mid-Atlantic. A
    moist low-level airmass in place across this region, with surface
    dewpoints generally in the upper 60s to low 70s. Ample daytime
    heating will likely foster moderate to locally strong instability
    along/east of the Blue Ridge Mountains by mid afternoon. Current
    expectations are for thunderstorms to develop initially over the
    higher terrain and move eastward in a modest deep-layer shear
    environment. Some thunderstorm organization should occur, with
    multicells as the main convective mode. This activity may pose some
    threat for damaging winds this afternoon and evening until it moves
    off the Atlantic Coast or weakens with the loss of daytime heating.

    ..Gleason/Kerr.. 06/18/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jun 18 16:21:49 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 181621
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 181619

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1119 AM CDT Wed Jun 18 2025

    Valid 181630Z - 191200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS AFTERNOON
    AND EVENING FROM SOUTHEAST MISSOURI EASTWARD ACROSS MUCH OF ILLINOIS/INDIANA...WESTERN OHIO...AND NORTHERN KENTUCKY...

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PORTIONS OF
    THE MID-ATLANTIC REGION...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are expected this afternoon and evening from
    parts of southeast Missouri northeastward to the southern Great
    Lakes. Scattered to numerous damaging winds, isolated large hail,
    and tornadoes all appear possible. Severe thunderstorms with
    damaging winds may also develop across parts of the Mid-Atlantic.

    ...Midwest...
    A well-defined shortwave trough is currently over western MO,
    tracking rapidly eastward. At the surface, a low is centered over
    northeast MO, with a very moist/unstable air mass in place across
    much of IL/IN. As large-scale forcing for ascent and strengthening
    wind fields overspread the unstable warm sector, supercell
    thunderstorms are expected to rapidly develop. All severe hazards,
    including a few tornadoes, appear possible through the afternoon as
    storms track rapidly northeastward across IL into central/northern
    IN. Refer to MCD #1345 for further details. Congealing outflow may
    eventually lead to a greater damaging wind threat as storms spread
    into lower MI and northern OH.

    To the southeast of this early thunderstorm scenario, another zone
    of convective initiation is expected from southeast MO into parts of KY/southern IN. These storms are more likely to grow upscale by
    early evening, with a risk of damaging winds spreading into southern
    OH and central KY. Have expanded the ENH slightly eastward to
    better cover this area.

    ...Mid Atlantic...
    Visible satellite imagery shows mostly clear skies and strong
    heating occurring over northern/central VA, where a hot/humid
    airmass is present. Thunderstorms are expected to develop off the
    terrain this afternoon and spread eastward into the DelMarVa region.
    Sufficient flow aloft and steep low-level lapse rates will promote
    a risk of strong storms capable wind damage. Isolated strong storms
    may also affect south-central VA and northern NC later this
    afternoon as well. Refer to MCD #1344 for further details.

    ..Hart/Wendt.. 06/18/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jun 18 19:59:12 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 181957
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 181955

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0255 PM CDT Wed Jun 18 2025

    Valid 182000Z - 191200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE
    MIDWEST AND LOWER GREAT LAKES...

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE MID
    ATLANTIC REGION...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are expected this afternoon and evening from
    parts of southeast Missouri northeastward to the southern Great
    Lakes. Scattered to numerous damaging winds, isolated large hail,
    and tornadoes all appear possible. Severe thunderstorms with
    damaging winds may also develop across parts of the Mid-Atlantic.

    ...20z Update Midwest and Great Lakes...
    A well-developed QLCS with multiple embedded bows and recent
    measured severe gusts will continue eastward across IN and southern
    lower MI this afternoon before reaching western OH this evening.
    Moderate buoyancy and enhanced upper-level shear will support
    continued storm organization with damaging gusts likely. Embedded
    mesovorticies will also pose a risk for a few tornadoes. The main
    changes to the outlook where to trim the Enhanced behind the
    advancing QLCS.

    Farther west near the core of the MCV, several clusters of miniature
    supercells have a history of producing tornadoes. This may continue
    for a couple more hours as storms near the MCV remain in 100-200
    J/kg of low-level buoyancy and strong ambient vorticity. The
    eastward extent of this threat is unclear as some overturning behind
    the expanding QLCS will likely reduce the threat closer to the IN
    border. Additional scattered storms across western MO behind the MCV
    may also pose an isolated risk for damaging gusts and small hail
    before weakening after dark.

    ...lower OH Valley...
    Across far southeastern MO southern IL and western KY, additional
    storm development will continue this afternoon and evening.
    Displaced from the enhanced mid-level flow south of the MCV, a mixed
    storm mode of supercells and line segments is expected. Large
    buoyancy and the tendency for upscale growth suggests damaging winds
    are likely. Low-level shear from the VWX/PAH VAD is maximized along
    the low-level confluence axis which could also support a couple
    tornadoes with the more discrete cells.

    ...Southern Plains...
    A modified outflow boundary may serve as a focus for scattered storm development from the TX Panhandle to southern OK this
    afternoon/evening. 2000-3000 J/kg of MLCAPE and ~30 kt of deep-layer
    flow will support organized clusters or transient supercells with a
    risk for hail and damaging gusts. Have expanded the Slight Risk into southwestern OK where storms appear most likely to develop. See
    MCD#1350 for additional short-term information.

    ..Lyons.. 06/18/2025

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1119 AM CDT Wed Jun 18 2025/

    ...Midwest...
    A well-defined shortwave trough is currently over western MO,
    tracking rapidly eastward. At the surface, a low is centered over
    northeast MO, with a very moist/unstable air mass in place across
    much of IL/IN. As large-scale forcing for ascent and strengthening
    wind fields overspread the unstable warm sector, supercell
    thunderstorms are expected to rapidly develop. All severe hazards,
    including a few tornadoes, appear possible through the afternoon as
    storms track rapidly northeastward across IL into central/northern
    IN. Refer to MCD #1345 for further details. Congealing outflow may
    eventually lead to a greater damaging wind threat as storms spread
    into lower MI and northern OH.

    To the southeast of this early thunderstorm scenario, another zone
    of convective initiation is expected from southeast MO into parts of KY/southern IN. These storms are more likely to grow upscale by
    early evening, with a risk of damaging winds spreading into southern
    OH and central KY. Have expanded the ENH slightly eastward to
    better cover this area.

    ...Mid Atlantic...
    Visible satellite imagery shows mostly clear skies and strong
    heating occurring over northern/central VA, where a hot/humid
    airmass is present. Thunderstorms are expected to develop off the
    terrain this afternoon and spread eastward into the DelMarVa region.
    Sufficient flow aloft and steep low-level lapse rates will promote
    a risk of strong storms capable wind damage. Isolated strong storms
    may also affect south-central VA and northern NC later this
    afternoon as well. Refer to MCD #1344 for further details.

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jun 19 00:54:10 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 190054
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 190052

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0752 PM CDT Wed Jun 18 2025

    Valid 190100Z - 191200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE LOWER
    GREAT LAKES/OHIO VALLEY TO THE SOUTHERN PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms, with damaging winds, will spread across
    portions of the Ohio/Tennessee Valley region this evening. Isolated
    severe thunderstorms will also continue across portions of the Red
    River region of southern Oklahoma and North Texas.

    ...01z Update...

    Notable mid-level height falls will spread across the lower Great
    Lakes/Ohio Valley overnight in response to a short-wave trough that
    will advance into MI-IL by the end of the period. Synoptically, LLJ
    is strengthening across the OH Valley ahead of the main surface
    front that extends from Lake MI-central IL-central MO. While the
    primary squall line has surged well ahead of the front into central
    OH/KY, scattered convection is gradually increasing along the front
    across MO/western IL. This activity may continue to increase as the
    boundary surges southeast later tonight. Otherwise, the lead squall
    line is expected to propagate into the upper Ohio Valley with an
    attendant threat of damaging winds.

    Farther southwest into the southern Plains, 00z soundings from both
    OUN and FWD exhibit minimal CINH with seasonally high PW values and
    strong MLCAPE (>3000 J/kg). Both soundings have adequate deep-layer
    shear for organized updrafts, but the Red River corridor should only
    experience weak low-level warm advection through the overnight
    period. Isolated severe thunderstorms will be the most likely
    scenario given the weak forcing along this portion of the boundary.

    ..Darrow.. 06/19/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jun 19 05:53:41 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 190553
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 190552

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1252 AM CDT Thu Jun 19 2025

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE
    MIDDLE ATLANTIC...

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE
    NORTHERN PLAINS AND UPPER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are expected across much of the Middle Atlantic
    region, and to a lesser extent into the Carolinas and over portions
    of New England. Severe wind gusts are the primary concern. Isolated
    hail and wind threat is expected across the northern Plains into
    Minnesota, primarily during the evening/overnight.

    ...Eastern U.S...

    Seasonally strong upper trough is currently located over IL and
    should advance into the OH Valley by 18z as stronger 500mb flow
    develops across western PA/NY. With time, 50+kt flow should
    translate into the Middle Atlantic, coincident/just ahead of the
    primary synoptic front. Latest model guidance suggests modest 0-3km
    lapse rates will develop by mid day as the boundary layer warms
    ahead of the wind shift, especially from the Carolinas into Upstate
    NY. In fact, much of the I-95 corridor over the Middle Atlantic will
    warm quickly through the 80s to near 90F, effectively removing any
    inhibition. As a result, convection should readily develop within a
    very moist environment (PWs 1.75-2 inches) characterized by MLCAPE
    in excess of 2000 J/kg. Forecast soundings exhibit deep
    west-southwesterly flow with 0-6km bulk shear around 30kt. These
    profiles favor organized line segments and clusters, and severe wind
    gusts will likely be noted with the most robust activity. Convection
    should spread off the Middle Atlantic Coast during the evening
    hours.

    ...Northern Plains/Upper MS Valley...

    Latest water-vapor imagery depicts a short-wave trough over
    southeast BC. This feature will suppress heights across southern
    AB/SK early in the period, and a secondary disturbance will eject
    across southern SK during the evening. These features are expected
    to encourage convective development along the cool side of a
    boundary that will be draped from the upper MS Valley-central
    ND-southern SK. Low-level warm advection should aid bouts of
    elevated convection, but the primary concern is with thunderstorms
    that evolve during the early evening. Storms that form over
    southeastern SK and southwestern MB will spread southeast toward a
    region of increasing low-level warm advection. LLJ is forecast to
    increase across eastern SD into southwest MN during the late
    evening. Elevated supercells should develop ahead of the Canadian
    convection as the LLJ strengthens into the upper Red River Valley.
    An MCS may ultimately evolve over the upper MS Valley late in the
    period as the LLJ shifts into southeast MN/southwestern WI. Hail and
    wind are the primary concern with this activity.

    ..Darrow/Weinman.. 06/19/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jun 19 12:51:45 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 191251
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 191250

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0750 AM CDT Thu Jun 19 2025

    Valid 191300Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE MID-ATLANTIC...

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE NORTHERN PLAINS/UPPER MIDWEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are expected across much of the Mid-Atlantic
    region today, and to a lesser extent into the Carolinas and over
    portions of New England. Severe/damaging wind gusts are the primary
    concern. An isolated large hail threat should also develop across
    parts of the northern Plains/Upper Midwest, primarily during the evening/overnight hours.

    ...New England/Mid-Atlantic into North Carolina...
    An upper trough will move eastward today from the Great Lakes/OH
    Valley across the Mid-Atlantic and Northeast. Seasonably strong
    southwesterly mid-level flow around 40-50 kt will accompany this
    upper trough passage, and aid in sufficient deep-layer shear for
    organized severe thunderstorms across these regions. Recent visible
    satellite imagery and surface observations show mostly clear skies
    and a moist low-level airmass already in place from the Appalachians
    towards the Mid-Atlantic Coast. Ample diurnal heating through this
    afternoon should support moderate to locally strong instability
    across much of the Mid-Atlantic, with somewhat weaker instability
    with northward extent into interior New England.

    Current expectations are for multiple cells/clusters to initially
    form over the higher terrain of the Appalachians/Blue Ridge
    Mountains by early to mid afternoon, and subsequently spread
    east-northward to the coast through the afternoon and evening. Given
    steepened low-level lapse rates and enhanced low/mid-level flow
    associated with the upper trough, scattered to potentially numerous severe/damaging winds will likely be the primary threat with this
    convection. The greatest concentration of wind damage should be
    focused across parts of the Mid-Atlantic, where the Enhanced Risk
    has been maintained with only minor expansion. Otherwise, isolated
    hail may also occur with any of the more cellular convection, even
    though mid-level lapse rates are not forecast to be overly steep. A
    brief tornado or two also appears possible, although low-level winds
    will generally be veered to west-southwesterly, limiting 0-1 km SRH.

    ...Southeast...
    A band of thunderstorms is ongoing this morning across parts of the Mid-South/Southeast. This activity has generally remained sub-severe
    overnight, and on the southern periphery of an upper trough to the
    north. With strong daytime heating of a rather moist low-level
    airmass in place to its south and modest deep-layer shear for
    updraft organization, there is some opportunity for this convection
    to either restrengthen through the afternoon as it spreads
    southward, or for redevelopment to occur along its outflow. Have
    adjusted the Marginal Risk for damaging winds based on the current
    position of ongoing thunderstorms, and their potential to move
    southward across parts of the Southeast/central Gulf Coast states
    this afternoon/early evening before eventually weakening near the
    Gulf Coast.

    ...Northern Plains/Upper Midwest...
    Upper ridging will be maintained today over much of the Rockies and
    High Plains. This will tend to suppress convective development for
    much of the day. Still, a weak mid-level shortwave trough will move
    from western Canada across the Canadian Prairie provinces today,
    eventually reaching parts of the northern Plains and Upper Midwest
    tonight. This feature, along with increasing low-level warm/moist
    advection associated with a strengthening southwesterly low-level
    jet across the northern/central Plains this evening, may be
    sufficient to aid at least isolated robust thunderstorm development
    tonight generally along and north of a surface boundary. Strong
    MUCAPE, steep lapse rates aloft, and ample deep-layer shear would
    likely support supercells with associated threat for large hail in a
    favorable northwesterly mid/upper-level flow regime. There is still
    some uncertainty with the placement and overall coverage of these
    supercells tonight, but based on latest guidance trends the Slight
    Risk has been expanded eastward to include more of central/eastern
    MN and western/northern WI. Isolated damaging winds may also occur
    if an MCS is able to develop, although this remains highly
    uncertain.

    ...Central Plains...
    Moderate to strong instability is forecast to develop this afternoon
    across parts of the central Plains along/east of surface lee
    troughing. Even though deep-layer shear and forcing aloft will not
    be as pronounced as farther north, there appears to be some chance
    for high-based convection to develop and pose an isolated hail/wind
    threat.

    ..Gleason/Kerr.. 06/19/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jun 19 16:17:45 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 191617
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 191615

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1115 AM CDT Thu Jun 19 2025

    Valid 191630Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS AFTERNOON
    AND EARLY EVENING ACROSS THE MID-ATLANTIC REGION...

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS TONIGHT ACROSS THE
    NORTHERN PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are expected across much of the Mid-Atlantic
    region this afternoon and evening, and to a lesser extent into the
    Carolinas and over portions of New England. Severe/damaging wind
    gusts are the primary concern. An isolated large hail and damaging
    wind threat should also develop across parts of the northern
    Plains/Upper Midwest, primarily during the evening/overnight hours.

    ...Eastern US...
    A broad and low-amplitude shortwave trough is moving across the
    Great Lakes region and Ohio Valley today. Ahead of the trough,
    visible satellite imagery shows mostly clear skies from eastern NY
    and much of New England southward across the Mid-Atlantic region and
    Carolinas. Warm/moist conditions will develop by mid-afternoon,
    yielding MLCAPE values of 2000-3000 J/kg across this broad area.
    Scattered thunderstorms are expected to develop, with the highest concentrations moving off the higher terrain of PA/VA/NC and
    tracking eastward across the ENH risk area.

    Forecast soundings along this corridor show 35-50 knot westerly flow
    aloft, which will aid in thunderstorm organization and longevity.
    Low-level winds are relatively weak/veered, and mid-level lapse
    rates are marginal for intense updrafts. This suggests that
    damaging wind gusts are the primary concern today.

    ...ND/MN/WI This Evening/Tonight...
    A large upper ridge has become established across the Rockies and
    High Plains, with the primary westerlies now extending from MT into
    the Dakotas and Great Lakes. Several weak perturbations will top
    the ridge today and tonight, and a strengthening low-level jet will
    encourage the development of clusters of thunderstorms. One cluster
    is expected this evening over parts of MN/WI, with a risk of large
    hail.

    There is increasing concern for a cluster of storms developing
    across southern ND, which may persist through the night into
    southern MN. While this scenario is only shown in a handful of 12z
    models, have shifted the SLGT farther south for this conditional
    risk.

    ..Hart/Wendt.. 06/19/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jun 19 19:52:46 2025
    ACUS01 KWNS 191952
    SWODY1
    SPC AC 191951

    Day 1 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0251 PM CDT Thu Jun 19 2025

    Valid 192000Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER THE
    NORTHEAST AND MID ATLANTIC STATES...

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PARTS OF THE
    DAKOTAS AND THE UPPER MIDWEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are expected across much of the Mid-Atlantic
    region through this evening, and to a lesser extent into the
    Carolinas and over portions of New England. Severe/damaging wind
    gusts are the primary concern. An isolated large hail and damaging
    wind threat should also develop across parts of the northern
    Plains/Upper Midwest, primarily during the evening/overnight hours.

    ...20z Update...
    The prior outlook remains valid with only minimal changes. Across
    parts of the Northeast and Mid Atlantic, several bands/clusters of
    strong to severe storms are ongoing ahead of an upper trough over
    the upper OH Valley. Moderate buoyancy and deep-layer shear will
    continue to support storm organization into line segments and
    clusters with an attendant risk for damaging gusts focused across
    the Enhanced area. A few weak supercell structures were also noted
    over eastern PA into southern New England, where some isolated hail
    and a brief tornado will be possible. Convection should continue
    into this evening before slowly weakening after sunset.

    ...Southeast...
    In the wake of early morning remnant storms, an advancing outflow
    has shifted south across MS/AL and eastern AR. The cluster of storms
    on the surging outflow may occasionally produce damaging guts given
    the moderate instability. Weak vertical shear should keep the threat
    isolated. Have trimmed the MRGL and thunder behind this activity
    where additional storms are not expected.

    Otherwise, additional storms are possible across the Northern Plains
    tonight. See the prior discussion for more info.

    ..Lyons.. 06/19/2025

    .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1115 AM CDT Thu Jun 19 2025/

    ...Eastern US...
    A broad and low-amplitude shortwave trough is moving across the
    Great Lakes region and Ohio Valley today. Ahead of the trough,
    visible satellite imagery shows mostly clear skies from eastern NY
    and much of New England southward across the Mid-Atlantic region and
    Carolinas. Warm/moist conditions will develop by mid-afternoon,
    yielding MLCAPE values of 2000-3000 J/kg across this broad area.
    Scattered thunderstorms are expected to develop, with the highest concentrations moving off the higher terrain of PA/VA/NC and
    tracking eastward across the ENH risk area.

    Forecast soundings along this corridor show 35-50 knot westerly flow
    aloft, which will aid in thunderstorm organization and longevity.
    Low-level winds are relatively weak/veered, and mid-level lapse
    rates are marginal for intense updrafts. This suggests that
    damaging wind gusts are the primary concern today.

    ...ND/MN/WI This Evening/Tonight...
    A large upper ridge has become established across the Rockies and
    High Plains, with the primary westerlies now extending from MT into
    the Dakotas and Great Lakes. Several weak perturbations will top
    the ridge today and tonight, and a strengthening low-level jet will
    encourage the development of clusters of thunderstorms. One cluster
    is expected this evening over parts of MN/WI, with a risk of large
    hail.

    There is increasing concern for a cluster of storms developing
    across southern ND, which may persist through the night into
    southern MN. While this scenario is only shown in a handful of 12z
    models, have shifted the SLGT farther south for this conditional
    risk.

    $$

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